nginx
(发音同engine x)是一款轻量级的Web服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件(IMAP/POP3)代理服务器,并在一个BSD-like协议下发行。
nginx
由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发,最初供俄国大型的入口网站及搜寻引擎Rambler使用。
第一个公开版本0.1.0发布于2004年10月4日。其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布,因它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。2011年6月1日,nginx 1.0.4发布。
nginx
的特点是占有内存少,并发能力强,事实上nginx的并发能力确实在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好,中国大陆使用nginx
网站用户有:百度、京东、新浪、网易、腾讯、淘宝等。
nginx
是一个很牛的高性能Web和反向代理服务器,它具有很多非常优越的特性:
nginx
由内核和模块组成。其中,内核的设计非常微小和简洁,完成的工作也非常简单,仅仅通过查找配置文件将客户端请求映射到一个location block(location是nginx配置中的一个指令,用于URL匹配),而在这个location中所配置的每个指令将会启动不同的模块去完成相应的工作。
nginx的模块从结构上分为核心模块、基础模块和第三方模块
用户根据自己的需要开发的模块都属于第三方模块。正是有了如此多模块的支撑,nginx的功能才会如此强大
nginx模块从功能上分为三类,分别是:
nginx模块分为:核心模块、事件模块、标准Http模块、可选Http模块、邮件模块、第三方模块和补丁等
nginx
的模块直接被编译进nginx
,因此属于静态编译方式。
启动nginx
后,nginx
的模块被自动加载,与Apache
不一样,首先将模块编译为一个so文件,然后在配置文件中指定是否进行加载。
在解析配置文件时,nginx
的每个模块都有可能去处理某个请求,但是同一个处理请求只能由一个模块来完成。
nginx
的进程架构:
启动nginx
时,会启动一个Master
进程,这个进程不处理任何客户端的请求,主要用来产生worker
线程,一个worker
线程用来处理n个request
。
web服务请求资源
一次完整的web访问流程简析:
client:输入网址–>发起http request–>等待web server响应.
server:收到client请求–>加载资源–>构建响应报文,发给client.
client发起http请求:
server收到client请求时:
nginx官网
// 创建用户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost ~]# id nginx
uid=994(nginx) gid=991(nginx) 组=991(nginx)
// 安装依赖环境
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
// 创建日志存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx
// 下载nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz
--2021-10-25 14:55:21-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz
正在解析主机 nginx.org (nginx.org)... 52.58.199.22, 3.125.197.172, 2a05:d014:edb:5702::6, ...
正在连接 nginx.org (nginx.org)|52.58.199.22|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:1066609 (1.0M) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz”
nginx-1.21.3.tar. 100%[=============>] 1.02M 291KB/s 用时 3.6s
2021-10-25 14:55:26 (291 KB/s) - 已保存 “nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz” [1066609/1066609])
// 编译安装
[root@localhost src]# tar xf nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.21.3
[root@localhost nginx-1.21.3]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-debug \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_image_filter_module \
> --with-http_gunzip_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@localhost nginx-1.21.3]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
// 配置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
//服务控制方式,使用nginx命令
-t //检查配置文件语法
-v //输出nginx的版本
-c //指定配置文件的路径
-s //发送服务控制信号,可选值有{stop|quit|reopen|reload}
// 启动nginx
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
// 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 0
Disabled
// 写service文件让nginx开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service <
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@localhost nginx]# tree
.
├── nginx.sh
└── soft
└── nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz
1 directory, 2 files
[root@localhost nginx]# vim nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
log_dir=/var/log
install_dir=/usr/src
config_dir=/usr/local
useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#安装依赖包
yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++
yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
#创建日志存放目录
if [ ! -d $log_dir/nginx ];then
mkdir -p $log_dir/nginx
chown -R nginx.nginx $log_dir/nginx
fi
tar xf soft/nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz -C $install_dir
#install
if [ ! -d $config_dir/nginx ];then
cd $install_dir/nginx-1.21.3
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log && make && make install
fi
echo "export PATH=$config_dir/nginx/sbin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now nginx
主配置文件:/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx
常见的配置文件及其作用
配置文件 | 作用 |
---|---|
nginx.conf | nginx的基本配置文件 |
mime.types | MIME类型关联的扩展文件 |
fastcgi.conf | 与fastcgi相关的配置 |
proxy.conf | 与proxy相关的配置 |
sites.conf | 配置nginx提供的网站,包括虚拟主机 |
nginx.conf的内容分为以下几段:
derective value1 [value2 ...];
支持使用变量:
set var_name value
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf
# 全局块
user www-data; ##用户
worker_processes 2; ## 默认1,一般建议设成CPU核数1-2倍
error_log logs/error.log; ## 错误日志路径
pid logs/nginx.pid; ## 进程id
# Events块
events {
# 使用epoll的I/O 模型处理轮询事件。
# 可以不设置,nginx会根据操作系统选择合适的模型
use epoll;
# 工作进程的最大连接数量, 默认1024个
worker_connections 2048;
# http层面的keep-alive超时时间
keepalive_timeout 60;
# 客户端请求头部的缓冲区大小
client_header_buffer_size 2k;
}
# http块
http {
include mime.types; # 导入文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
default_type application/octet-stream; # 默认文件类型
# 日志格式及access日志路径
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $status '
'"$request" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
# 允许sendfile方式传输文件,默认为off。
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on; # sendfile开启时才开启。
# http server块
# 简单反向代理
server {
listen 80;
server_name domain2.com www.domain2.com;
access_log logs/domain2.access.log main;
# 转发动态请求到web应用服务器
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
deny 192.24.40.8; # 拒绝的ip
allow 192.24.40.6; # 允许的ip
}
# 错误页面
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
# 负载均衡
upstream backend_server {
server 192.168.0.1:8000 weight=5; # weight越高,权重越大
server 192.168.0.2:8000 weight=1;
server 192.168.0.3:8000;
server 192.168.0.4:8001 backup; # 热备
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name big.server.com;
access_log logs/big.server.access.log main;
charset utf-8;
client_max_body_size 10M; # 限制用户上传文件大小,默认1M
location / {
# 使用proxy_pass转发请求到通过upstream定义的一组应用服务器
proxy_pass http://backend_server;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
}
}
用于调试、定位问题的配置参数
daemon {on|off}; //是否以守护进程方式运行nginx,调试时应设置为off
master_process {on|off}; //是否以master/worker模型来运行nginx,调试时可以设置为off
error_log 位置 级别; //配置错误日志
error_log里的位置和级别能有以下可选项:
位置 | 级别 |
---|---|
file stderr syslog:server=address[,parameter=value] memory:size | debug:若要使用debug级别,需要在编译nginx时使用–with-debug选项 info notice warn error crit alert emerg |
正常运行必备的配置参数
user USERNAME [GROUPNAME]; 指定运行worker进程的用户和组
u用法
Syntax: user user [group]; #语法
Default: user nobody nobody; #默认值
Context: main #可以配置在那个字段中
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx; #建议手动指定用户
worker_processes 1;
pid /path/to/pid_file; 指定nginx守护进程的pid文件
用法
Syntax: pid file;
Default: pid logs/nginx.pid;
Context: main
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile number; 设置所有worker进程最大可以打开的文件数,默认为1024
用法
Syntax: worker_rlimit_nofile number;
Default: 1024
Context: main
worker_rlimit_core size; 指明所有worker进程所能够使用的总体的最大核心文件大小,保持默认即可
用法
Syntax: worker_rlimit_core size;
Default: —
Context: main
优化性能的配置参数
worker_processes n; 启动n个worker进程,这里的n为了避免上下文切换,通常设置为cpu总核心数-1或等于总核心数
用法
Syntax: worker_processes number | auto;
Default: worker_processes 1;
Context: main
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 4; //修改nginx的worker进程数量,默认为1
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload //发送服务控制信号,重新加载配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 4980 1 0 19:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 5202 4980 0 19:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 5203 4980 0 19:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 5204 4980 0 19:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 5205 4980 0 19:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 5564 3373 0 19:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
注: worker_processes的数量*worker_connections的数量=nginx所能支持的最大并发连接数量,在实际情况最大并发数建议不超过30000
worker_cpu_affinity cpumask …; 将进程绑定到某cpu中,避免频繁刷新缓存
用法
Syntax: worker_cpu_affinity cpumask ...;
worker_cpu_affinity auto [cpumask];
Default: —
Context: main
cpumask:使用8位二进制表示cpu核心,如:
0000 0001 //第一颗cpu核心
0000 0010 //第二颗cpu核心
0000 0100 //第三颗cpu核心
0000 1000 //第四颗cpu核心
0001 0000 //第五颗cpu核心
0010 0000 //第六颗cpu核心
0100 0000 //第七颗cpu核心
1000 0000 //第八颗cpu核心
特殊值 (1.9.10) 允许将工作进程自动绑定到可用的 CPU:auto
worker_processes auto;
worker_cpu_affinity auto;
可选掩码参数可用于限制可用于自动绑定的 CPU:
worker_cpu_affinity auto 01010101;
该指令仅在 FreeBSD 和 Linux 上可用。
[root@localhost ~]# nproc #查看cpu的核心数
4
[root@localhost~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 3 ;
worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100; #将进程绑定在0,1,2cpu核心上运行
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 4980 1 0 19:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 29238 4980 0 19:36 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 29239 4980 0 19:36 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 29240 4980 0 19:36 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 29290 3373 0 19:36 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
timer_resolution interval; 计时器解析度。降低此值,可减少gettimeofday()系统调用的次数
用法
Syntax: timer_resolution interval;
Default: —
Context: main
worker_priority number; 指明worker进程的nice值
用法
Syntax: worker_priority number;
Default:
worker_priority 0;
Context: main
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 3 ;
worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100;
worker_priority -20;
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# ps -elf | grep nginx
1 S root 4980 1 0 80 0 - 20116 - 19:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
5 S nginx 50563 4980 0 60 -20 - 27944 do_epo 19:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
5 S nginx 50564 4980 0 60 -20 - 27944 do_epo 19:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
5 S nginx 50565 4980 0 60 -20 - 27944 do_epo 19:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
0 S root 50900 3373 0 80 0 - 3086 - 19:47 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
事件相关的配置:event{}段中的配置参数
accept_mutex {off|on}; master 调度用户请求至各worker进程时使用的负载均衡锁;on表示能让多个worker轮流地、序列化地去响应新请求
用法
Syntax: accept_mutex on | off;
Default: accept_mutex off;
Context: events
lock_file file; accept_mutex 用到的互斥锁锁文件路径
用法
Syntax: lock_file file;
Default: lock_file logs/nginx.lock;
Context: main
use [epoll | rtsig | select | poll]; 指明使用的事件模型,建议让nginx自行选择
用法
Syntax: use method;
Default: —
Context: events
worker_connections #; 每个进程能够接受的最大连接数
用法
Syntax: worker_connections number;
Default: worker_connections 512;
Context: events
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 3 ;
worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100;
worker_priority -20;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 20480; #最大连接数乘以进程数量除以2就是最大访问并发量3000
}
网络连接相关的配置参数
keepalive_timeout number; 长连接的超时时长,默认为65s
用法
Syntax: keepalive_timeout timeout [header_timeout];
Default: keepalive_timeout 65s;
Context: http, server, location
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
....
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
....
keepalive_requests number; 在一个长连接上所能够允许请求的最大资源数
用法
Syntax: keepalive_requests number;
Default: keepalive_requests 1000;
Context: http, server, location
....
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
keepalive_requests 1000;
keepalive_disable [msie6|safari|none]; 为指定类型的UserAgent禁用长连接
用法
Syntax: keepalive_disable none | browser ...;
Default: keepalive_disable msie6;
Context: http,server,location
tcp_nodelay on|off; //是否对长连接使用TCP_NODELAY选项,为了提升用户体验,通常设为on
用法
Syntax: tcp_nodelay on | off;
Default: tcp_nodelay on;
Context: http, server, location
client_header_timeout number; 读取http请求报文首部的超时时长
用法
Syntax: client_header_timeout time;
Default: client_header_timeout 60s;
Context: http, server
client_body_timeout number; 读取http请求报文body部分的超时时长
用法
Syntax: client_body_timeout time;
Default: client_body_timeout 60s;
Context: http, server,location
send_timeout number; 发送响应报文的超时时长
用法
Syntax: send_timeout time;
Default: send_timeout 60s;
Context: http, server, location
fastcgi的相关配置参数
LNMP:php要启用fpm模型
配置示例如下:
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; //定义反向代理
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
常需要进行调整的参数
worker_processes //进程数量
worker_connections //单个进程能够打开的连接数的数量
worker_cpu_affinity //cpu核心的绑定
worker_priority //进程的优先级
nginx作为web服务器时使用的配置
http{…}段是配置http相关,由ngx_http_core_module模块引入。nginx的HTTP配置主要包括四个区块
http { //协议级别
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
upstream { //负载均衡配置
...
}
server { //服务器级别,每个server类似于httpd中的一个<VirtualHost>
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / { //请求级别,类似于httpd中的<Location>,用于定义URL与本地文件系统的映射关系
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
http{}段配置指令
server {}:定义一个虚拟主机
......
server{
listen 8080;
server_name www.csl.com;
location / {
root html/test;
index index.html;
}
}
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html/test;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
......
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
50x.html index.html
[root@localhost html]# mkdir test
[root@localhost html]# ls
50x.html index.html test
[root@localhost html]# echo 'jjyy' test/index.html
jjyy test/index.html
[root@localhost html]# nginx -s stop;nginx
listen:指定监听的地址和端口
listen address[:port];
listen port;
server_name NAME [...]; 后面可跟多个主机,名称可使用正则表达式或通配符,当存在多个server时,匹配顺序如下:
1. 先做精确匹配检查
2. 左侧通配符匹配检查,如*.example.com
3. 右侧通配符匹配检查,如web.*
4. 正则表达式匹配检查,如~ ^.*\.example\.com$
5. default_server
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
error_page 404 /404.html; #找到此行取消注释
......
// 创建自定义错误页面
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/404.html
this is a error page
// 重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main; #访问日志
//log_format中每一段的含义
remote_addr:对应客户端的地址
remote_user:是请求客户端请求认证的用户名,如果没有开启认证模块的话是值为空。
time_local:表示nginx服务器时间
request:表示request请求头的行
status:表示response的返回状态
body_bytes_sent:表示从服务端返回给客户端的body数据大小
http_referer:表示请求的上一级页面
http_user_agent:表示agent信息
http_x_forwarded_for:会记录每一级请求中信息
//注意:此处可用变量为nginx各模块内建变量
示例
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #取消下列几行的注释
......
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
......
// 访问测试
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.200.128
[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
192.168.200.1 - - [27/Oct/2021:20:24:46 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 21 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3877.400 QQBrowser/10.8.4506.400" "-"
下载地址 github.com
// 获取现有的程序编译的参数
[root@nginx ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
built by gcc 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1g FIPS 21 Apr 2020
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@localhost src]# unzip echo-nginx-module-master.zip
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug echo-nginx-module-master kernels nginx-1.20.1 nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz echo-nginx-module-master.zip
// 解压nginx
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug kernels nginx-1.20.1 nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# rm -rf nginx-1.20.1
[root@localhost src]# tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --add-module=../echo-nginx-module-master
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# ls objs/
addon nginx ngx_auto_headers.h src
autoconf.err nginx.8 ngx_modules.c
Makefile ngx_auto_config.h ngx_modules.o
// 备份nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /opt/
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# nginx -s stop;objs/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root 134682 1 0 20:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process objs/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx 134683 134682 0 20:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 135140 87126 0 20:41 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]#
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
location /test {
echo "test";
}
[root@localhost conf]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.21.3/
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# objs/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# objs/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# cd ..
[root@localhost src]# cp nginx-1.21.3/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
cp:是否覆盖'/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'? y
通过指定模式来与客户端请求的URI相匹配
功能:允许根据用户请求的URI来匹配定义的各location,匹配到时,此请求将被相应的location配置块中的配置所处理,例如做访问控制等功能
语法:location [ 修饰符 ] pattern {......}
常用修饰符说明:
修饰符 | 功能 |
---|---|
= | 精确匹配 |
~ | 正则表达式模式匹配,区分大小写 |
~* | 正则表达式模式匹配,不区分大小写 |
^~ | 前缀匹配,类似于无修饰符的行为,也是以指定模块开始,不同的是,如果模式匹配,那么就停止搜索其他模式了,不支持正则表达式 |
@ | 定义命名location区段,这些区段客户端不能访问,只可以由内部产生的请求来访问,如try_files或error_page等 |
没有修饰符 | |
表示必须以指定模式开始 |
[root@localhost conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location /test {
echo "This is test!";
}
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
如下内容就可正确匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test
This is test!
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test?abc123=a1b2
This is test!
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test/
This is test!
精确匹配
=:表示必须与指定的模式精确匹配
[root@localhost conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location = /test {
echo "This is test!";
}
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
如下内容就可正确匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test
This is test
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test?abc123=a1b2
This is test
如下内容则无法匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test/
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test/test
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
正则表达式模式匹配(区分大小写)
~:表示指定的正则表达式要区分大小写
[root@localhost conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location = ~ ^/test {
echo "This is test!";
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
如下内容就可正确匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test
This is test
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test?abc123=a1b2
This is test
如下内容则无法匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test/
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/TEST/
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/testing
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
正则表达式模式匹配(不区分大小写)
~*:表示指定的正则表达式不区分大小写
[root@localhost conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location = ~* ^/test {
echo "This is test!";
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
如下内容就可正确匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test
This is test
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test?abc123=a1b2
This is test
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/TEST
This is test
如下内容则无法匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test/
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/testing
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
~:类似于无修饰符的行为,也是以指定模式开始,不同的是,如果模式匹配,则停止搜索其他模式
优先级次序
( location = 路径 ) --> ( location ^~ 路径 ) --> ( location ~ 正则 ) --> ( location ~* 正则 ) --> ( location 路径 )
查找顺序和优先级:由高到底依次为
1.带有=的精确匹配优先
2.正则表达式按照他们在配置文件中定义的顺序
3.带有^~修饰符的,开头匹配
4.带有~或~*修饰符的,如果正则表达式与URI匹配
5.没有修饰符的精确匹配
示例
root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
······
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location /test {
echo "1";
}
#"="优先级最高所以先注释掉
#location = /test {
# echo "2";
#}
location ~ ^/test$ {
echo "3";
}
location ~* ^/testi$ {
echo "4";
}
······
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
优先级测试
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test
3
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/testing
1
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/TEST
4
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test?abc123=a1b2
3
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.200.128:8080/test/test
1
// 创建证书存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/ssl/
// 生成密钥
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl genrsa -out test.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
......................................+++++
......................................................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
// 生成证书
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key test.key -out test.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HuBei
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WuHan
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:123456
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:syb.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:123456
An optional company name []:
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
test.csr test.key
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in test.csr -signkey test.key -out test.crt
Signature ok
subject=C = CN, ST = HuBei, L = WuHan, O = 123456, CN = syb.com, emailAddress = 1@2.com
Getting Private key
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
test.crt test.csr test.key
修改nginx文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
······
//取消注释并修改域名和证书位置
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.syb.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/test.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/test.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
······
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
更改默认端口号以及进程数和指定特定配置文件
默认配置文件(/usr/local/nginx/conf/)nginx.conf文件内容
[root@localhost conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@localhost conf]# head nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
.......
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
使用默认配置文件运行进程数如下
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root 9519 1 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 9520 9519 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 9666 1614 0 16:25 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
将默认配置文件以及mime.types文件copy一份到/opt目录中
[root@localhost conf]# cp nginx.conf /opt/
[root@localhost conf]# cp mime.types /opt/
[root@localhost conf]# ll /opt/
总用量 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 10月 25 16:28 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 10月 25 16:28 nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -t -c /opt/nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx.conf test is successful
设置所有worker进程最大可以打开的文件数
#user nobody;
worker_processes 4; #改为4个进程
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
.......
server {
listen 8080; #更改端口号8080
server_name localhost;
使用nginx服务控制命令重启并指定配置文件路径
[root@localhost opt]# nginx -s stop;nginx -c /opt/nginx.conf
[root@localhost opt]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.200.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost opt]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 31901 1 0 16:35 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -c /opt/nginx.conf
nginx 31902 31901 0 16:35 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 31903 31901 0 16:35 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 31904 31901 0 16:35 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 31905 31901 0 16:35 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 33427 1614 0 16:36 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
2.访问控制案例
注:用于location段,可以用主机地址表示,也可用网段表示,必须一起用
allow:设定允许那台或那些主机访问,多个参数间用空格隔开
deny:设定禁止那台或那些主机访问,多个参数间用空格隔开
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
allow 192.168.200.128/32; #允许本机访问
deny 192.168.200.129/32; #配置拒绝所有访问,上面配置的允许访问规则就会失效
}
......
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
—
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
allow 192.168.200.128/32;
deny all;
}
......
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
使用另一台主机访问
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.200.128
curl: (7) Failed connect to 192.168.153.128:80; 拒绝连接
auth_basic "欢迎信息";
auth_basic_user_file "/path/to/user_auth_file";
user_auth_file内容格式为:
username:password
这里的密码为加密后的密码串,建议用htpasswd来创建此文件:
htpasswd -c -m /path/to/.user_auth_file USERNAME
示例
// 安装httpd-tools
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd-tools
// 确保用户不存在
[root@localhost ~]# id syb
id: “syb”:无此用户
// 生成用户认证文件
[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -c -m /usr/local/nginx/conf/.user-auth-file syb
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user syb
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/.user-auth-file
syb:$apr1$UkfmUta1$uQS3Ck2CMZeehQcOc9AtO.
// 创建测试文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/html/syb
[root@localhost ~]# echo "welcome to syb!" > /usr/local/nginx/html/syb/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /syb {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
auth_basic "Hello,syb!";
auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/.user-auth-file";
}
// 检测语法并重载配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
用于调试、定位问题
是否以守护进程方式运行Nginx
守护进程(daemon)是脱离终端并且在后台运行的进程。它脱离终端是为了避免进程执行过程中的信息在任何终端上显示,这样一来,进程也不会被任何终端所产生的信息所打断。Nginx毫无疑问是一个需要以守护进程方式运行的服务,因此,默认都是以这种方式运行的。
不过Nginx还是提供了关闭守护进程的模式,之所以提供这种模式,是为了方便跟踪调试Nginx,毕竟用gdb调试进程时最烦琐的就是如何继续跟进fork出的子进程了。
//daemon {on|off}; #是否以守护进程方式运行nginx,调试时应设置为off
[root@localhost ~]# head -5 /opt/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 4;
daemon off;
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s stop;nginx -c /opt/nginx.conf
rewrite作用
语法
rewrite regex replacement flag;
replacement可以是某个路径,也可以是某个URL
rewrite ^/images/(.*\.jpg)$ /imgs/$1 break;
此处的$1用于引用(.*.jpg)匹配到的内容
意为将url开头为/imgs下所有的以.jpg结尾的文件路径全部转成 /images下所有.jpg结尾的文件
示例:
# 创建imgs文件夹
[root@master ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/imgs
[root@master ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/html/
50x.html imgs index.html index.php
# 下载图片并移动到imgs中
[root@master ~]# mv R-C.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/imgs/
[root@master ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/html/imgs/
R-C.jpg
正常访问路径
http://192.168.200.128/imgs/R-C.jpg
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/html/imgs/ /usr/local/nginx/html/images/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/html/
50x.html images index.html index.php
# 修改配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 在server段插入以下内容
······
location /imgs {
rewrite ^/imgs/(.*\.jpg)$ /images/$1 break;
}
······
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
换个浏览器,再次访问imgs
html文件里夹没有imgs还是能访问到图片,由此可见rewrite配置成功
last和break组合使用示例
last 本条规则匹配完成后,继续向下匹配新的location URI规则
break 本条规则匹配完成即终止,不再匹配后面的任何规则
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /imgs {
rewrite ^/imgs/(.*\.jpg)$ /images/$1 last;
}
location /images {
rewrite ^/images/(.*\.jpg)$ http://images.baidu.com last;
}
将break放到前面
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /imgs {
rewrite ^/imgs/(.*\.jpg)$ /images/$1 break;
}
location /images {
rewrite ^/images/(.*\.jpg)$ http://images.baidu.com last;
}
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
flag | 作用 |
---|---|
last | 基本上都用这个flag,表示当前的匹配结束,继续下一个匹配,最多匹配10个到20个 一旦此rewrite规则重写完成后,就不再被后面其它的rewrite规则进行处理 而是由UserAgent重新对重写后的URL再一次发起请求,并从头开始执行类似的过程 |
break | 中止Rewrite,不再继续匹配 一旦此rewrite规则重写完成后,由UserAgent对新的URL重新发起请求, 且不再会被当前location内的任何rewrite规则所检查 |
redirect | 以临时重定向的HTTP状态302返回新的URL |
permanent | 以永久重定向的HTTP状态301返回新的URL |
rewrite模块的作用是用来执行URL重定向。这个机制有利于去掉恶意访问的url,也有利于搜索引擎优化(SEO)
nginx使用的语法源于Perl兼容正则表达式(PCRE)库,基本语法如下:
标识符 | 意义 |
---|---|
^ | 必须以^后的实体开头 |
$ | 必须以$前的实体结尾 |
. | 匹配任意字符 |
[] | 匹配指定字符集内的任意字符 |
[^] | 匹配任何不包括在指定字符集内的任意字符串 |
| | 匹配 | 之前或之后的实体 |
() | 分组,组成一组用于匹配的实体,通常会有 | 来协助 |
捕获子表达式,可以捕获放在()之间的任何文本,比如:
^(hello|sir)$ //字符串为“hi sir”捕获的结果:$1=hi$2=sir
//这些被捕获的数据,在后面就可以当变量一样使用了
if
语法:if (condition) {...}
应用场景:
常见的condition
举例
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
}
if ($http_cookie ~* "id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)") {
set $id $1;
}
if ($request_method = POST) {
return 405;
}
if ($slow) {
limit_rate 10k;
}
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}
基于浏览器实现分离案例
if ($http_user_agent ~ Firefox) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /firefox/$1 break;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~ Chrome) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /chrome/$1 break;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|gif|jpeg|png)$ {
valid_referers none blocked www.idfsoft.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://www.idfsoft.com/403.html;
}
}
开启status:
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /status {
stub_status on;
allow 192.168.200.0/24;
deny all;
}
访问状态页面的方式:http://server_ip/status
状态页面信息详解:
状态码 | 表示的意义 |
---|---|
Active connections 2 | 当前所有处于打开状态的连接数 |
accepts | 总共处理了多少个连接 |
handled | 成功创建多少握手 |
requests | 总共处理了多少个请求 |
Reading | nginx读取到客户端的Header信息数,表示正处于接收请求状态的连接数 |
Writing | nginx返回给客户端的Header信息数,表示请求已经接收完成, 且正处于处理请求或发送响应的过程中的连接数 |
Waiting | 开启keep-alive的情况下,这个值等于active - (reading + writing), 意思就是Nginx已处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接 |
意思就是Nginx已处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接
环境说明
主机名 | ip | 职责 |
---|---|---|
localhost | 192.168.200.128 | nginx、zabbix_agent |
server | 192.168.200.152 | zabbix_server |
在slave主机上安装zabbix_agentd |
// 在nginx上安装zabbix_agentd
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
// 将之前下载好的包传到虚拟机开始解压
[root@slave src]# tar xf zabbix-5.4.4.tar.gz
// 安装编译工具和依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
// 创建系统账户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin zabbix
// 编译安装zabbix_agent
[root@localhost zabbix-5.4.4]# ./configure --enable-agent
[root@localhost zabbix-5.4.4]# make install
//修改agent配置文件/usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
UnsafeUserParameters=1 // 取消注释并修改值为1
Server=192.168.200.152
ServerActive=192.168.200.152 // 服务端IP
Hostname=nginx
写监控脚本
// 创建脚本目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@localhost ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@localhost scripts]# chown zabbix.zabbix /scripts/
[root@localhost scripts]# ll / | grep scripts
drwxr-xr-x 2 zabbix zabbix 6 10月 28 19:09 scripts
[root@localhost scripts]# touch status.sh
[root@localhost scripts]# chmod +x status.sh
[root@localhost scripts]# vim status.sh
#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
"Reading")
curl -s http://192.168.200.128/status | awk 'NR==4 {print $2}';;
"Writing")
curl -s http://192.168.200.128/status | awk 'NR==4 {print $4}';;
"Waiting")
curl -s http://192.168.200.128/status | awk 'NR==4 {print $6}'
esac
// 添加这一行
[root@localhost scripts]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=check_status[*],/bin/bash /scripts/status.sh $1
// 重启zabbix_agentd
[root@localhost scripts]# pkill zabbix_agentd
[root@localhost scripts]# zabbix_agentd
[root@localhost scripts]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
// 在zabbix服务器上测试key键值是否有效
[root@server ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.200.128 -k check_status[Writing]
1
zabbix的web页面配置
其余两个监控项目、报警和上面一样添加就可以
nginx
通常被用作后端服务器的反向代理,这样就可以很方便的实现动静分离以及负载均衡,从而大大提高服务器的处理能力
nginx
实现动静分离,其实就是在反向代理的时候,如果是静态资源,就直接从nginx
发布的路径去读取,而不需要从后台服务器获取了
但是要注意,这种情况下需要保证后端跟前端的程序保持一致,可以使用Rsync
做服务端自动同步或者使用NFS
、MFS
分布式共享存储
Http Proxy
模块,功能很多,最常用的是proxy_pass
和proxy_cache
如果要使用proxy_cache
,需要集成第三方的ngx_cache_purge
模块,用来清除指定的URL缓存。这个集成需要在安装nginx
的时候去做,如:./configure --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-1.0 .....
nginx
通过upstream
模块来实现简单的负载均衡,upstream需要定义在http
段内在upstream
段内,定义一个服务器列表,默认的方式是轮询,如果要确定同一个访问者发出的请求总是由同一个后端服务器来处理,可以设置ip_hash,如
upstream idfsoft.com { #此字段要写在server字段的前面
ip_hash;
server 127.0.0.1:9080 weight=5;
server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=5;
server 127.0.0.1:1111;
}
upstream webservers{
server 192.168.25.146 weight=3; #weight表示访问三次146后访问一次148
server 192.168.25.148;
}
注:这个方法本质还是轮询,而且由于客户端的ip可能是不断变化的,比如动态ip,代理,等,因此ip_hash并不能完全保证同一个客户端总是由同一个服务器来处理
定义好upstream后,需要在server段内添加如下内容:
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://webservers; #这里要和upstream段配置的域名一致
}
}
环境说明
主机 | ip | 服务 |
---|---|---|
LB | 192.168.200.159 | nginx |
RS1 | 192.168.200.131 | apache |
RS2 | 192.168.200.128 | lnmp |
LB上安装nginx
//创建系统用户nginx
[root@LB ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
/安装依赖环境
[root@LB ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel pcre gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel make vim wget openssl openssl-devel gd-devel
//创建日志存放目录
[root@LB ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@LB ~]# chown nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx/
//下载nginx
[root@LB ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@LB src]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
--2021-10-29 14:50:49-- https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
正在解析主机 nginx.org (nginx.org)... 3.125.197.172, 52.58.199.22, 2a05:d014:edb:5702::6, ...
正在连接 nginx.org (nginx.org)|3.125.197.172|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:1061461 (1.0M) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz”
nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz 100%[===============================================>] 1.01M 427KB/s 用时 2.4s
2021-10-29 14:50:53 (427 KB/s) - 已保存 “nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz” [1061461/1061461])
[root@LB src]# ls
debug kernels nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@LB src]# tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@LB src]# cd nginx-1.20.1/
[root@LB nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@LB nginx-1.20.1]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
//使用service控制nginx
[root@LB nginx-1.20.1]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=Nginx server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@LB nginx-1.20.1]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@LB nginx-1.20.1]# systemctl enable --now nginx.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@LB nginx-1.20.1]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
RS1上安装Apache
// 安装vim和wget
[root@RS1 ~]# yum -y install vim wget
//安装开发工具包
[root@RS1 ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools' -y
//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@RS1 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) 组=991(apache)
// 安装依赖包
[root@RS1 ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ make
// 下载和安装httpd、apr以及apr-util
[root@RS1 src]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
// 解压软件包
[root@RS1 src]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@RS1 src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@RS1 src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz
// 修改配置文件
[root@RS1 src]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@RS1 apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
cfgfile="${ofile}T"
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释,或者删除此行
// 编译安装apr
[root@RS1 apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@RS1 apr-1.7.0]# make
[root@RS1 apr-1.7.0]# make install
// 编译安装apr-util
[root@RS1 apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
[root@RS1 apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
// 编译安装httpd
[root@RS1 httpd-2.4.49]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
[root@RS1 httpd-2.4.49]# make && make install
// 环境变量
[root@RS1 ~]# which httpd
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@RS1 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@RS1 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/apache
[root@RS1 ~]# ll /usr/include/
总用量 1760
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7456 3月 12 2021 aio.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2031 3月 12 2021 aliases.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1203 3月 12 2021 alloca.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4350 3月 12 2021 a.out.h
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 9月 23 15:56 apache -> /usr/local/apache/include // 已经连接了
[root@RS1 ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man // 加上这一条
[root@RS1 ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName www.example.com:80 // 把这一行的注释取消掉
// 启动apache
[root@RS1 ~]# apachectl start
[root@RS1 ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
// 设置开启自启
[root@RS1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service > /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
[root@RS1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=Httpd server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@RS1 ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
在RS2上安装LNMP
安装nginx
// 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@RS2 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@RS2 ~]# reboot
[root@RS2 ~]# getenforce 0
Disabled
// 创建用户
[root@RS2 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# id nginx
uid=994(nginx) gid=991(nginx) 组=991(nginx)
// 安装依赖环境
[root@RS2 ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@RS2 ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@RS2 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make ncurses-devel cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs libxml2 libxml2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd libsqlite3x-devel oniguruma libzip-devel
// 创建日志存放目录
[root@RS2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx
// 下载nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@RS2 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
// 编译安装
[root@RS2 src]# tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@RS2 src]# cd nginx-1.20.1
[root@RS2 nginx-1.21.3]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-debug \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_image_filter_module \
> --with-http_gunzip_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@RS2 nginx-1.21.3]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
// 配置环境变量
[root@RS2 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@RS2 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
// 启动nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
// 使用service控制nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service <
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
安装MySQL
// 创建用户
[root@RS2 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
// 解压
[root@RS2 ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@RS2 src]# ls
debug kernels mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@RS2 src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
// 软连接
[root@RS2 local]# mv mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
[root@RS2 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/
[root@RS2 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
// 创建数据存放目录
[root@RS2 local]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@RS2 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
// 配置环境变量
[root@RS2 local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@RS2 local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
// 初始化
[root@RS2 local]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user mysql --datadir /opt/data
2021-10-26T06:46:13.459861Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-10-26T06:46:13.592952Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-10-26T06:46:13.613937Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-10-26T06:46:13.669318Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 6968897c-3628-11ec-b95c-000c29ba9d68.
2021-10-26T06:46:13.670365Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-10-26T06:46:14.690255Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-10-26T06:46:14.789009Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
//编写配置文件
[root@RS2 local]# cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
//使用service控制MySQL
[root@RS2 local]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Mysql server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
EOF
[root@RS2 src]# vim /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
46 basedir=/usr/local //修改这两行
47 datadir=/opt/data
// 启动服务
[root@RS2 local]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@RS2 local]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@RS2 local]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
// 设置密码
[root@RS2 ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs
[root@RS2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password("syb123");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
安装PHP
// 解压
[root@RS2 src]# tar xf php-8.0.10.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@RS2 src]# cd /usr/local/php-8.0.10/
// 编译安装
[root@RS2 nginx]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix \
&& make && make install
// 环境变量
[root@RS2 php-8.0.10]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@RS2 php-8.0.10]# . /etc/profile.d/php.sh
// 配置php
[root@RS2 php-8.0.10]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@RS2 php-8.0.10]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@RS2 php-8.0.10]# cd /usr/local/php8
[root@RS2 php8]# cd etc/
[root@RS2 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@RS2 etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@RS2 php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@RS2 php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf www.conf.default
// 启动
[root@RS2 php-fpm.d]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@RS2 php-fpm.d]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
nginx配置
// 配置网页文件
[root@RS2 nginx]# cd html/
[root@RS2 html]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@RS2 html]# chown -R nginx.nginx index.php
// 修改配置文件
[root@RS2 nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_Root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
[root@RS2 ~]# nginx -s reload
在LB上配置负载均衡
[root@LB ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
upstream webservers {
server 192.168.200.131;
server 192.168.200.128;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://webservers; #webservers要与上面的upstream后面所跟的一样
}
在浏览器上访问192.168.200.159
在LB上配置动静分离
[root@LB ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream static {
server 192.168.200.131; //设置静态访问
}
upstream dynamic { //设置动态访问
server 192.168.200.128;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://static; //访问,静态处理
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://dynamic; //访问.php结尾的动态处理
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
root@LB ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service