selenium八大定位

1 id定位

id定位用于选择指定的网页中标签的id属性。由于网页中标签的id值是唯一的，因此不存在根据id定位选择多个元素的情况。以百度首页为例，百度搜索框id为kw:

1.1使用find_element_by_id('标签id')获取元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_id('kw') # 选择搜索框元素
        elem.send_keys('selenium')

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

1.2 使用find_element(By.ID, '标签id')获取元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
        elem = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw')
        elem.send_keys('selenium')

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

1.3 执行效果

执行效果

2 class定位

class定位用于选择指定的网页中标签的class属性。由于网页中标签的class的值不是唯一的，因此可能存在根据s_ipt定位选择多个元素的情况。仍以百度为例，百度搜索框class为s_ipt。

2.1使用find_element_by_class_name('标签class')获取元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_ipt')
        elem.send_keys('selenium')


    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

2.1使用find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, '标签class')获取元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
        elem = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 's_ipt')
        elem.send_keys('selenium')


    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

3 link_text定位

link_text定位是以超链接全部文本来定位元素，以网易的 新闻链接为例

网易

3.1 通过find_element_by_link_text('链接文本')获取链接元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.163.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻')
        print(elem.text)


    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

3.2 通过find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, '链接文本')获取链接元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.163.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, '新闻')
        print(elem.text)

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

4 partial_link_text定位

partial_link_text定位用于以链接中的部分文字为关键字来定位到该链接。以网易首页中以下新闻链接为例：

网易首页

4.1 通过find_element_by_partial_link_text('链接中的文本')来定位链接

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.163.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('孝心饺子宴')
        print(elem.text)

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

4.2 通过find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, '链接中的文本') 来定位链接

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.163.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, '孝心饺子宴')
        print(elem.text)

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

5 tag_name定位

tag_name定位即通过标签名称定位，以搜狗搜索为例，来获取form标签的action属性。

image.png

5.1 获取属性代码

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.sogou.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('form')
        print(elem.get_attribute('action'))

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

5.2 执行输出

D:\Code\Python\easyflask\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/Code/Python/easyflask/index.py
.
https://www.sogou.com/web
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 9.077s

OK

Process finished with exit code 0

6 name定位

name定位即通过标签的name属性来定位元素。以百度为例，获取输入框。

image.png

6.1 通过name定位元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_name('wd')
        elem.send_keys('selenium')

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

7 css定位

css定位即通过css选择器来定位元素。仍以获取百度输入框为例

7.1 通过css定位元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw')
        elem.send_keys('selenium')

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

8 通过xpath定位

xpath定位来源于xml，又由于html语言的语法和xml比较接近，因此xpath也支持定位html页面元素。
通过调试模式复制元素的xpath路径。

image.png

8.1 通过xpath定位元素

import unittest
from selenium.webdriver.firefox import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.WebDriver()

    def test_search(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
        elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="kw"]')
        elem.send_keys('selenium')

    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.close()
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()