12.6 Nginx安装
12.7 默认虚拟主机
12.8 Nginx用户认证
12.9 Nginx域名重定向
扩展
nginx.conf 配置详解 http://www.ha97.com/5194.html http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880
nginx rewrite四种flag http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943
nginx安装
- 进入下载目录
cd /usr/local/src - 下载源码包
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginxmake && make install- 编辑启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/nginx复制如下内容
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
- 配置nginx配置文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/; mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak（使用自己的配置文件前备份原有文件）。vim nginx.conf，写入如下内容
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
最后测试语法/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t，无误后启动nginx：/etc/init.d/nginx start。查看是否监听端口，netstat -lntp |grep 80
测试是否解析php：vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php 加入如下内容，然后curl localhost/1.php
echo "test php scripts.";
?>
默认虚拟主机
编辑nginx配置文件vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 在http大括号中增加include vhost/*.conf，可以把server段落删除。这样nginx就会载入vhost目录下的配置文件。下一步就是在conf目录下创建vhost目录mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost。
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost; vim default.conf 加入如下内容
server
{
listen 80 default_server; #有这个标记的就是默认虚拟主机
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
测试虚拟机是否配置好：
mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/
echo “This is a default site.”>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
curl localhost
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com
12.8 Nginx用户认证
用户认证与apache类似，在虚拟主机配置文件中编辑，指定用户认证名字和密码文件即可。vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf写入如下内容
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
生成密码文件工具使用apache的htpasswd。如果没有安装可以yum安装httpd：yum install -y httpd。生成密码文件：htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd aming。其中-c参数作用是生成文件，如果密码文件已经生成就不要使用，否则会覆盖之前的参数。
配置好后，nginx -t && nginx -s reload，测试配置并重新加载。测试：
mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
echo “test.com”>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I//状态码为401说明需要验证
curl -uaming:passwd 访问状态码变为200
编辑windows的hosts文件，然后在浏览器中访问test.com会有输入用户、密码的弹窗。
针对目录的用户认证：修改location那一行就可以限制访问目录认证。例如限制test.com目录下admin目录：
location /admin/
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
此外还可以使用“～”来匹配某一类型文件，例如“location ～ 1.php”
12.9 Nginx域名重定向
下面演示nginx下的域名重定向。更改test.com.conf：
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
}
与apacherewrite配置类似，rewrite后第一列可以省略host，完整的写做：http://$host/(.*)$。
server_name后面支持写多个域名，这里要和httpd的做一个对比。apache只能写一个，server alias后可写多个。
permanent为永久重定向，状态码为301，如果写redirect则为302