Linux新增磁盘并挂载

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linux版本：CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

查看现有磁盘信息

$ fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c54a5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048   125829119    62913536   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

可以看到，/dev/vdb磁盘没有对应的设备信息，待挂载

使用fdisk对新磁盘进行分区划分

Linux fdisk是一个创建和维护分区表的程序，它兼容DOS类型的分区表、BSD或者SUN类型的磁盘列表。

$ fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc78ef89d.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

使用fdisk的n指令新建分区，使用默认配置，使用w指令进行保存

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-314572799, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-314572799, default 314572799):
Using default value 314572799
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 150 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

再次查看磁盘信息

fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c54a5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048   125829119    62913536   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfd187af4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048   314572799   157285376   83  Linux

使用mkfs命令在新磁盘上建立文件系统

Linux mkfs命令用于在特定的分区上建立 linux 文件系统

-t : 给定档案系统的型式，Linux 的预设值为 ext2

-t : 给定档案系统的型式，Linux 的预设值为 ext2

$ mkfs -t ext4 -c /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
9830400 inodes, 39321344 blocks
1966067 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2187329536
1200 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载到指定目录

$ mkdir /foo
$ mount /dev/vdb1 /foo

$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        60G  1.7G   59G   3% /
devtmpfs        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           7.8G  8.4M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1       148G   61M  140G   1% /foo

使用parted + print list查看分区信息

$ parted /dev/vdb1
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print list
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb1: 161GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End    Size   File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  161GB  161GB  ext4

Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vda: 215GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  64.4GB  64.4GB  primary  xfs          boot

Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 161GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  161GB  161GB  primary  ext4

配置自动挂载

/etc/fstab文件：当系统启动的时候，系统会自动地从这个文件读取信息，并且会自动将此文件中指定的文件系统挂载到指定的目录
```
# vim /etc/fstab，新增如下内容
/dev/vdb1                   /foo                    xfs     defaults        0 0
```

参考

Linux 下磁盘挂载

Linux新增磁盘并挂载

参考

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