Tomcat简介 安装 站点部署 多实例配置 反向代理

一、Tomcat简介

Tomcat的官网： http://tomcat.apache.org

Tomcat是Apache软件基金会项目中的核心项目，由apache、sun和其他一些公司以及个人共同开发完成Tomcat服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，是开发和调试JSP程序的首选

Tomcat和nginx、apache（httpd）web服务器一样，具有处理HTML页面的功能，不过Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Nginx/Apache服务器
一个tomcat默认的并发是200

tomcat使用方案

建议使用Nginx和Tomcat配合，Nginx处理静态，Tomcat处理动态程序
方案三中后端Tomcat可以运行在单独的主机，也可以是同一台主机上的多实例

二 、Tomcat帮手 — JDK

JDK是Java语言的软件开发工具包，JDK是整个java开发的核心，包含了JAVA的运行环境和JAVA工具

安装jdk

systemctl stop firewalld && setenforce 0
yum  -y install wget vim lrzsz 

jdk下载界面

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# mv jdk1.8.0_211/ java
[root@localhost local]# cd java
[root@localhost java]# vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java  #指定java安装目录
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH  #用于指定JAVA系统查找命令的路径 
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar  #类的路径，在运行java程序时，如果调用到其他类的时候，在classpath寻找相关的类
[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh

检查jdk是否安装成功

[root@localhost java]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_211"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode)

三.安装Tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/application -p
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.49/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.49.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.95.tar.gz -C /data/application/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/application/
[root@localhost application]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.95/ tomcat

设置环境变量
	
[root@localhost tomcat]# vim /etc/profile
export TOMCAT_HOME=/data/application/tomcat   #指定tomcat的安装目录
[root@java-tomcat1 application]# source  /etc/profile #重新加载环境变量
[root@localhost tomcat]# /data/application/tomcat/bin/version.sh #查看安装的tomcat的信息
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /data/application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /data/application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /data/application/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH:       /data/application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/data/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:   
Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.95
Server built:   Oct 12 2023 00:55:53 UTC
Server number:  8.5.95.0
OS Name:        Linux
OS Version:     3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Architecture:   amd64
JVM Version:    1.8.0_211-b12
JVM Vendor:     Oracle Corporation

启动tomcat
[root@localhost tomcat]# /data/application/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
检查tomcat是否正常启动
[root@location tomcat]# netstat -lntp  |grep java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080         :::*                   LISTEN      30560/java
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*          LISTEN      30560/java

8005:监听关闭Tomcat的请求，shutdown：向以上端口发送关闭服务器的命令字符串
8080：建立http也就是客户端访问连接用
8009：与其他http服务通信

浏览器访问

日志文件在/data/application/tomcat/logs/catalina.out

Tomcat配置管理页面

修改配置文件
 vim /data/application/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml




    #写在标签里

修改配置如下图
 vim /data/application/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml 
 vim /data/application/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml 

四、web站点部署

方法一 直接将程序目录放在webapps下
方法二 使用开发工具将程序打包成war包，然后上传到webapps目录下

 wget http://updates.jenkins-ci.org/download/war/2.129/jenkins.war
 cd /data/application/tomcat
 cp -r webapps/ /opt/
 cd /data/application/tomcat/webapps/
  rm -rf *  
  mkdir ROOT 
   cd ROOT/
   cp /root/jenkins.war  .
   unzip jenkins.war

五、部署开源站点（jspgou商城）

安装数据库

下载yum源的安装包
[root@mysql ~]# yum install -y https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
把安装5.7的源打开, 关闭安装8.0的源，如下图

安装mysql
yum -y install mysql mysql-server
启动mysql
systemctl start  mysqld
查找密码
[root@mysql ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-10-30T05:11:55.455672Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: !s9MldEIDQz*

#更改密码
mysqladmin -uroot -p'!s9MldEIDQz*' password "Qianfeng@123"

#配置数据库
mysql -pQianfeng@123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.44 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database jspgou default charset=utf8;  #创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

六、 jspgou商城上线

上传软件包
rz

解压
[root@localhost DB]# /data/application/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
[root@localhost ~]#unzip jspgouV6.1-ROOT.zip
[root@localhost ~]#cp -r ROOT/ /data/application/tomcat/webapps/

[root@localhost ~]#cd /data/application/tomcat/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# vim ROOT/WEB-INF/config/jdbc.properties

配置数据库连接

[root@localhost ~]# cd DB
[root@localhost DB]# ls
jspgou.sql
[root@localhost DB]# vim /etc/my.cnf
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
[root@localhost DB]# mysql -uroot -p'Qianfeng@123' -D jspgou < jspgou.sql
[root@localhost DB]# /data/application/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

七、Tomcat多实例配置

多实例（多进程）：同一个程序启动多次，分为两种情况:

第一种：一台机器跑多个站点；

第二种：一个机器跑一个站点多个实例，配合负载均衡

复制程序文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/application
[root@localhost application]# cp -r tomcat/ tomcat2
[root@localhost application]# ls
tomcat  tomcat2
[root@localhost application]# sed -i 's#8005#8011#' tomcat/conf/server.xml
[root@localhost application]# sed -i 's#8005#8012#;s#8080#8082#' tomcat2/conf/server.xml
[root@localhost application]# sed -i 's#8009#8019#' tomcat/conf/server.xml
[root@localhost application]# sed -i 's#8009#8029#' tomcat2/conf/server.xml
[root@localhost application]# diff tomcat/conf/server.xml tomcat2/conf/server.xml
22c22
< 
---
> 
67c67
<          Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
---
>          Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8082
69c69
<                          port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
122c122
<     
---
>     
126c126
<                port="8019"
---
>                port="8029"


[root@localhost tomcat2]# rm -rf  webapps
[root@localhost tomcat2]# cp -r /opt/webapps .
[root@localhost application]# cd /data/application/tomca2t/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# vim catalina.sh
CATALINA_HOME=/data/application/tomcat2
[root@localhost application]# /data/application/tomcat2/bin/startup.sh

检查端口是否启动
[root@localhost bin]# ss -nplt |grep java
LISTEN     0      100       [::]:8080                  [::]:*                   users:(("java",pid=1488,fd=52))
LISTEN     0      100       [::]:8082                  [::]:*                   users:(("java",pid=1765,fd=52))
LISTEN     0      1       [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005                  [::]:*                   users:(("java",pid=1488,fd=170))

浏览器访问

八、Tomcat反向代理集群

nginx负载均衡器

[root@localhost ~]# echo '
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1 ' > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum install yum-utils -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx -y

配置负载均衡器

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
 [root@localhost conf.d]# rm -f default.conf
 [root@localhost conf.d]# vim tomcat.conf
upstream testweb {
   server 10.36.192.169:8080 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=2s;
   server 10.36.192.169:8082 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=2s;
}
 server {
   listen       80;
   server_name  localhost;
   location / {
      proxy_pass http://testweb;
   } 
}
重启nginx
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl start nginx

浏览器访问