高级深入--day46

dupefilter.py

负责执行requst的去重,实现的很有技巧性,使用redis的set数据结构。但是注意scheduler并不使用其中用于在这个模块中实现的dupefilter键做request的调度,而是使用queue.py模块中实现的queue。

当request不重复时,将其存入到queue中,调度时将其弹出。

import logging
import time

from scrapy.dupefilters import BaseDupeFilter
from scrapy.utils.request import request_fingerprint

from .connection import get_redis_from_settings


DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY = "dupefilter:%(timestamp)s"

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


# TODO: Rename class to RedisDupeFilter.
class RFPDupeFilter(BaseDupeFilter):
    """Redis-based request duplicates filter.
    This class can also be used with default Scrapy's scheduler.
    """

    logger = logger

    def __init__(self, server, key, debug=False):
        """Initialize the duplicates filter.
        Parameters
        ----------
        server : redis.StrictRedis
            The redis server instance.
        key : str
            Redis key Where to store fingerprints.
        debug : bool, optional
            Whether to log filtered requests.
        """
        self.server = server
        self.key = key
        self.debug = debug
        self.logdupes = True

    @classmethod
    def from_settings(cls, settings):
        """Returns an instance from given settings.
        This uses by default the key ``dupefilter:``. When using the
        ``scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler`` class, this method is not used as
        it needs to pass the spider name in the key.
        Parameters
        ----------
        settings : scrapy.settings.Settings
        Returns
        -------
        RFPDupeFilter
            A RFPDupeFilter instance.
        """
        server = get_redis_from_settings(settings)
        # XXX: This creates one-time key. needed to support to use this
        # class as standalone dupefilter with scrapy's default scheduler
        # if scrapy passes spider on open() method this wouldn't be needed
        # TODO: Use SCRAPY_JOB env as default and fallback to timestamp.
        key = DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY % {'timestamp': int(time.time())}
        debug = settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG')
        return cls(server, key=key, debug=debug)

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        """Returns instance from crawler.
        Parameters
        ----------
        crawler : scrapy.crawler.Crawler
        Returns
        -------
        RFPDupeFilter
            Instance of RFPDupeFilter.
        """
        return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)

    def request_seen(self, request):
        """Returns True if request was already seen.
        Parameters
        ----------
        request : scrapy.http.Request
        Returns
        -------
        bool
        """
        fp = self.request_fingerprint(request)
        # This returns the number of values added, zero if already exists.
        added = self.server.sadd(self.key, fp)
        return added == 0

    def request_fingerprint(self, request):
        """Returns a fingerprint for a given request.
        Parameters
        ----------
        request : scrapy.http.Request
        Returns
        -------
        str
        """
        return request_fingerprint(request)

    def close(self, reason=''):
        """Delete data on close. Called by Scrapy's scheduler.
        Parameters
        ----------
        reason : str, optional
        """
        self.clear()

    def clear(self):
        """Clears fingerprints data."""
        self.server.delete(self.key)

    def log(self, request, spider):
        """Logs given request.
        Parameters
        ----------
        request : scrapy.http.Request
        spider : scrapy.spiders.Spider
        """
        if self.debug:
            msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s"
            self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
        elif self.logdupes:
            msg = ("Filtered duplicate request %(request)s"
                   " - no more duplicates will be shown"
                   " (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates)")
            msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s"
            self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
            self.logdupes = False

这个文件看起来比较复杂,重写了scrapy本身已经实现的request判重功能。因为本身scrapy单机跑的话,只需要读取内存中的request队列或者持久化的request队列(scrapy默认的持久化似乎是json格式的文件,不是数据库)就能判断这次要发出的request url是否已经请求过或者正在调度(本地读就行了)。而分布式跑的话,就需要各个主机上的scheduler都连接同一个数据库的同一个request池来判断这次的请求是否是重复的了。

在这个文件中,通过继承BaseDupeFilter重写他的方法,实现了基于redis的判重。根据源代码来看,scrapy-redis使用了scrapy本身的一个fingerprint接request_fingerprint,这个接口很有趣,根据scrapy文档所说,他通过hash来判断两个url是否相同(相同的url会生成相同的hash结果),但是当两个url的地址相同,get型参数相同但是顺序不同时,也会生成相同的hash结果(这个真的比较神奇。。。)所以scrapy-redis依旧使用url的fingerprint来判断request请求是否已经出现过。

这个类通过连接redis,使用一个key来向redis的一个set中插入fingerprint(这个key对于同一种spider是相同的,redis是一个key-value的数据库,如果key是相同的,访问到的值就是相同的,这里使用spider名字+DupeFilter的key就是为了在不同主机上的不同爬虫实例,只要属于同一种spider,就会访问到同一个set,而这个set就是他们的url判重池),如果返回值为0,说明该set中该fingerprint已经存在(因为集合是没有重复值的),则返回False,如果返回值为1,说明添加了一个fingerprint到set中,则说明这个request没有重复,于是返回True,还顺便把新fingerprint加入到数据库中了。 DupeFilter判重会在scheduler类中用到,每一个request在进入调度之前都要进行判重,如果重复就不需要参加调度,直接舍弃就好了,不然就是白白浪费资源。

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