Nginx安装与配置
1.下载安装包
官网下载地址：nginx: download
可以先将安装包下载到本地再传到服务器，或者直接用wget命令将安装包下载到服务器，这里我们直接将安装包下载到服务器上。未安装wget命令的需要先安装wget，yum install -y wget
[root@reader app]# cd /usr/soft/
[root@reader soft]# wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
--2023-11-03 22:35:48-- https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 3.125.197.172, 52.58.199.22, 2a05:d014:edb:5704::6, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|3.125.197.172|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1112471 (1.1M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz’
nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz 100%[===================================================================================================>] 1.06M 1.45MB/s in 0.7s
2023-11-03 22:35:50 (1.45 MB/s) - ‘nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz’ saved [1112471/1112471]
[root@reader soft]#
解压安装包
[root@reader soft]# tar -xvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz 
2.安装C语言编译环境及相关依赖
yum -y install gcc-c++ zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
3.执行./configure配置编译环境
如果我们要指定nginx的安装路径（默认路径：/usr/local/nginx）或是需要添加相关nginx模块，在./configure 命令后需要添加相关参数，可以同时带多个参数。
可以使用 ./configure --help 命令查看相关参数/指令：
[root@reader nginx-1.24.0]# ./configure --help
--help print this message
--prefix=PATH set installation prefix
--sbin-path=PATH set nginx binary pathname
--modules-path=PATH set modules path
--conf-path=PATH set nginx.conf pathname
--error-log-path=PATH set error log pathname
--pid-path=PATH set nginx.pid pathname
--lock-path=PATH set nginx.lock pathname
--user=USER set non-privileged user for
worker processes
--group=GROUP set non-privileged group for
worker processes
--build=NAME set build name
--builddir=DIR set build directory
.....我这里需要添加 --with-threads --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module，大家根据个人需要进行添加，如果首次安装未添加，后续还是可以重新编译的（见另一篇博文）。
[root@reader nginx-1.24.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-threads --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module4.编译安装nginx
make & make install5.将nginx命令添加到全局命令(按需设置)
[root@reader etc]# vim /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
·····
export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_PATH}
export MYSQL_HOME="/usr/local/mysql"
export PATH="${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin添加完成后执行如下命令使配置生效
source /etc/profile6.启动nginx
root@reader etc]# nginx
[root@reader etc]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 7156 1 0 23:45 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nobody 7157 7156 0 23:45 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 7161 4040 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
如果未添加全局命令，就进入安装目录的sbin目录下执行./nginx
[root@reader sbin]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@reader sbin]# ./nginx
[root@reader sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 7175 1 0 Nov03 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody 7176 7175 0 Nov03 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 7178 4040 0 00:00 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@reader sbin]#7.访问nginx
浏览器输入IP访问nginx，如果现实下图，说明配置并启动成功。
8.nginx 常用命令
[root@reader sbin]# nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.24.0
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-p prefix]
[-e filename] [-c filename] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit # 查看版本号
-V : show version and configure options then exit # 查看版本及配置
-t : test configuration and exit # 检查配置文件是否有问题
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit # 检查配置文件是否有问题并转储
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/) #设置前缀路径(默认是:/usr/share/nginx/)
-e filename : set error log file (default: logs/error.log) #设置/指定error_log输出位置，默认位置安装目录下的 logs/error.log
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf) #设置/指定配置文件配置文件，默认配置文件在安装目录下的 conf/nginx.conf
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file #在配置文件之外设置全局指令
[root@reader sbin]#
-s signal 解释
nginx -s reload # 重新加载配置文件，关闭旧进程，启用新进程
nginx -s reopen # 重新打开日志文件
nginx -s stop # 强制停止nginx
nginx -s quit # 等待所有请求都处理完后再关闭nginx注意：单独说明 nginx -s reopen命令，执行该命令时nginx会先检查原日志文件（error.log 或 access.log）是否存在，如果存在，日志还是正常写入原文件中。如果原日志文件不存在或名称已修改，这时nginx才会重新生成一个空日志文件并将日志写入。亲测结果。
[root@reader sbin]# cd ../logs/
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 378 Nov 4 00:40 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]# nginx -s reopen & ll
[1] 7320
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 378 Nov 4 00:40 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]# nginx -s reopen & ll
[2] 7322
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 441 Nov 4 00:41 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[1] Done nginx -s reopen
[root@reader logs]# nginx -s reopen & ll
[3] 7324
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 504 Nov 4 00:42 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[2] Done nginx -s reopen
[root@reader logs]# mv error.log error_1.log & ll
[4] 7330
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[3] Done nginx -s reopen
[4]+ Done mv -i error.log error_1.log
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]# nginx -s reopen & ll
[1] 7334
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 63 Nov 4 00:43 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[1]+ Done nginx -s reopen
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 63 Nov 4 00:43 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 1890 Nov 4 00:37 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 63 Nov 4 00:43 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]# rm -rf access.log
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 63 Nov 4 00:43 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]# nginx -s reopen
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 0 Nov 4 00:43 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 126 Nov 4 00:43 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]# mv access.log access_1.log
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 0 Nov 4 00:43 access_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 126 Nov 4 00:43 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]# nginx -s reopen
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 0 Nov 4 00:43 access_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 0 Nov 4 00:44 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 567 Nov 4 00:42 error_1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 189 Nov 4 00:44 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Nov 3 23:59 nginx.pid
[root@reader logs]#
9.设置nginx开机自启动
源码解压编译安装的需要手动在/lib/systemd/system目录下创建nginx.service文件。
nginx.service文件内容如下
[Unit]
Description=nginx service
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target上述文件各行解释说明
[Unit]:服务的说明
Description:描述服务
After:描述服务类别
[Service]服务运行参数的设置
Type=forking是后台运行的形式
ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令
ExecReload为重启命令
ExecStop为停止命令
PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意：[Service]的启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
[Install]运行级别下服务安装的相关设置，可设置为多用户，即系统运行级别为3创建完成后，执行如下命令，设置开机启动。
systemctl enable nginx.service查看开机启动项，检查是否设置成功。
systemctl list-unit-files | grep nginx[root@reader logs]# systemctl enable nginx.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]#
[root@reader logs]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep nginx
nginx.service enabled
[root@reader logs]# 其它命令
启动nginx服务 : systemctl start nginx.service
停止nginx服务 : systemctl stop nginx.service
设置开机自启动 : systemctl enable nginx.service
停止开机自启动 : systemctl disable nginx.service
查看服务当前状态: systemctl status nginx.service
重新启动服务 : systemctl restart nginx.service
查看所有已启动服务:systemctl list-units --type=service