python中gzip库用法详解（压缩和解压缩）

1、使用gzip创建一个文件：

示例代码：

import gzip

# 创建一个gzip文件
content = "Hello world！"
f = gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'wb')
# f.write(content)  # 直接这样写报错
f.write(content.encode())
f.close()

运行结果：

2、对目前存在的文件进行压缩和解压

2.1 压缩数据容量

示例代码：

import gzip


def zip_file(path, new_path):
    with open(new_path, 'wb') as wf:
        with open(path, 'rb') as rf:
            data = rf.read()
            # 压缩数据
            data_comp = gzip.compress(data)
        wf.write(data_comp)


path = 'data/zip_file_save/big_data.txt'
new_path = 'data/zip_file_save/new_big_data.txt'
zip_file(path, new_path)

运行结果：

2.2 压缩成.gz文件

示例代码：

import gzip

# 压缩一个存在的压缩包
f_in = open('file.txt', 'rb')
f_zip = gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'wb')
f_zip.writelines(f_in)
f_zip.close()
f_in.close()

运行结果：

2.3 解压.gz文件（函数封装）

示例代码：

import os
import gzip


def unzip_gz_file(path, new_path):
    count = 0
    try:
        for f_path in os.listdir(path):
            if '.gz' in f_path:
                try:
                    with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=open(path + "/" + f_path, 'rb'), mode='rb') as g:
                        with open(new_path + "/" + f_path.replace(".gz", ""), "wb") as f:
                            f.write(g.read())
                        print(count, f"文件{f_path}  解压完成...")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f_path, e)
                count += 1
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    else:
        print("文件全部解压完成！")


path = 'data/zip_file_save'
new_path = 'data/zip_file_save/unzip_file'
unzip_gz_file(path, new_path)

运行结果：

2.4 解压.zip文件（函数封装）

示例代码：

import os
import zipfile


def unzip_file(path, new_path):
    count = 0
    try:
        for f_path in os.listdir(path):
            if '.zip' in f_path:
                try:
                    with zipfile.ZipFile(path + '/' + f_path) as zip_file1:
                        zip_file1.extract(zip_file1.namelist()[0], new_path)
                        print(count, f"文件{f_path}  解压完成...")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f_path, e)
                count += 1
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    else:
        print("文件全部解压完成！")


path = 'data/zip_file_save'
new_path = 'data/zip_file_save/unzip_file'
unzip_file(path, new_path)

运行结果：

3、读取压缩文件中的数据

示例代码

import gzip

# 读取压缩文件中的数据
f = gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'rb')
data = f.read()
f.close()
print(data)
print(data.decode())

运行结果：