$ brew --config
*可以发现打印有下面一行:
Homebrew Ruby: 2.6.10 => /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/vendor/portable-ruby/2.6.10_1/bin/ruby
*Homebrew 的安装目录为 /usr/local/bin/brew ,而 portable-ruby/ 在 /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/vendor/ 中
安装:参考
Mac环境情况:
macOS Catalina(10.15.x) 版开始,Mac使用/bin/zsh作为默认Shell,其对应的配置文件为/.zshrc
查看Mac的CPU型号,M1
$ uname -m
#M1芯片的打印是:x86_64
权限问题:
修改 /user/local/Homebrew 权限即可,如果 /usr/local 的很多文件都属于其他用户,那就进行全部修改,将 /usr/local 下的全部文件都修改为当前用户和当前用户所属的组:
$ sudo chown -R -v $(whoami): /usr/local/*
目前流行的Ruby环境管理工具有 RVM 和 rbenv。这里推荐使用 rbenv,因为它使用shims 文件夹来分离各个 Ruby版本,相对于RVM更加方便。
rbenv 是 Ruby的环境管理工具,能够安装、管理、隔离以及在多个Ruby版本之间切换。rbenv使用Homebrew来安装,下面是安装的脚本。
$ /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"
brew install rbenv ruby-build rbenv-vars
一旦安装 rbenv 完毕,我们需要把以下的设置信息放到你的 Shell 配置文件里面,例如 ~/.bash_profile 或者 ~/.zshrc 等文件,这样能保证每次打开终端的时候都会初始化 rbenv。
export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
接着我们就可以安装和设置项目的 Ruby 环境了。
$ cd $(PROJECT_DIR)
$ rbenv install 3.2.0 //安装3.2.0版本,位置在/Users/_pc_name_/.rbenv/versions/
$ rbenv local 2.7.1 //在项目文件下生成一个文件:.ruby-version
RubyGems和Bundler这两个主要用来管理CocoaPods和fastlane等第三方工具。
在Ruby的世界,包叫做Gem,可以用 gem install 命令来安装。但是因为RubyGems在管理 Gem 版本时有些缺陷,就有了Bundler,用来检查和安装Gem的特定版本,以此为Ruby项目提供一致性的环境。
//搜索
$ gem search cocoapods
$ gem install cocoapods
//安装Bundler
gem install bundler
//更新gem
sudo gem update --system
$ brew install [email protected]
#运行后会有如下的输出:
[email protected] is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.
If you need to have [email protected] first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find [email protected] you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/include"
For pkg-config to find [email protected] you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/lib/pkgconfig"
==> Summary
/usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.1.4: 16,183 files, 43MB
==> Running `brew cleanup [email protected]`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
$ brew install ruby
#运行后会有如下的输出:
ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.
If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"
For pkg-config to find ruby you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"
==> Summary
/usr/local/Cellar/ruby/3.2.2_1: 16,605 files, 46.2MB
==> Running `brew cleanup ruby`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
$ echo ‘export PATH=“/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH”’ >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.bash_profile
第一行:是将路径写入到.zshrc,这个可以直接从文件夹找到(路径:/Users/你的用户名/.zshrc),直接按照文本方式打开,复制这个 export PATH=“/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH” 到末尾也是一样。
第二行:是让对.zshrc的修改生效
第三行:是让.bash_profile在这个窗口生效,其它窗口包括新开的窗口:无效。
比如你在.bash_profile内有下面的两行, source ~/.bash_profile 后在这个窗口就只用rbenv的Ruby。
export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
关于keg-only,点击查看参考。
$ brew update
$ brew install rbenv
在文件 .bashrc 内添加下面内容
eval “$(rbenv init -)”
查看可以安装的ruby版本,并安装
rbenv install -l
rbenv install 3.2.1
设置为全局使用这个ruby版本,并重新‘启用/运行’这个版本的ruby
$ rbenv global 3.2.1
$ rbenv rehash
$ which ruby
$ ruby -v
查看当前的ruby源
$ gem sources -l
打印:
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
https://rubygems.org/
移除ruby当前源,并替换国内镜像
$ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
$ gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.com/
替换国内最新镜像源(淘宝的Ruby镜像已经不更新了,https://gems.ruby-china.org域名更新为https://gems.ruby-china.com)
再次查看是否成功替换
$ gem sources -l
解决brew update 无法访问问题:
// 执行下面这句命令,更换为中科院的镜像:
$ git clone git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git/ /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core --depth=1
// 把homebrew-core的镜像地址也设为中科院的国内镜像
$ cd “$(brew --repo)”
$ git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git
$ cd “$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core”
$ git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
// 更新
$ brew update
// 使用
brew install node/xx1/某个组件2/
$ sudo gem install cocoapods
*可能会报错:ERROR: While executing gem … (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don’t have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory
改成下面的方式
$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
然后执行
$ pod setup
*这个执行很慢,耐心等待… pod setup在执行时,会输出Setting up CocoaPods master repo,然后会卡一会儿。这步其实是 Cocoapods 将它的信息下载到 ~/.cocoapods目录下,你可以command+n新建一个终端窗口,执行cd ~/.cocoapods/进入到该文件夹下,然后du -sh *查看文件大小,这个目录最终大小是900多M。出现Setup completed 的时候说明已经完成了
$ pod search AFNetworking
$ cd /user/filename/Your Project
$ vim Podfile
*输入下面的内容
platform :ios, ‘12.0’
target ‘dssf’ do
pod ‘AFNetworking’
end
*退出并保存
$ pod install
创建方式2:
$ pod init
*会自动创建Podfile,打开文件夹,添加需要的‘三方库’,最后
$ pod install
$ rbenv install 3.2.1
如下error:
BUILD FAILED (macOS 14.1 using ruby-build 20230208.1) (M1及以上芯片导致的问题)
解决方案:
$ CFLAGS=“-Wno-error=implicit-function-declaration” RUBY_CONFIGURE_OPTS=‘–with-readline-dir=/usr/local/opt/readline/’ arch -x86_64 rbenv install 3.2.1
执行后可能得error如下:
warning: It seems your ruby installation is missing psych (for YAML output).
To eliminate this warning, please install libyaml and reinstall your ruby.
解决方法: brew install libyaml
然后在运行上面一整串代码: CFLAGS… rbenv install 3.2.1
1.关闭当前的工作空间
2.删除掉文件夹中的workspace
3.然后重新pod install
4.通过workspace打开工作空间,clean+build即可
rm -rf MyProject.xcworkspace
pod install
在pod install之前,请确保已经执行pod setup命令。
本质实际就是: Header Search Paths Library Search Paths
将要引用的‘库’名称替换下面代码对应的位置
Targets->ProjectTests->Build Settings->找到path
复制下面的路径,替换最后面的AFNetworking,改成你要引用的‘三方库名称’。
Header Search Paths
$(inherited) "${PODS_ROOT}/Headers/Public" "${PODS_ROOT}/Headers/Public/AFNetworking"
Library Search Paths
$(inherited) "${PODS_CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR}/AFNetworking"
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