英文语句成分简析

简介

  句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语八种

 

  主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词主语从句等来承担。

 

  谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。

 

  宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

 

  主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。那么,哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,我将一一讲述。

主语

  定义:主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

 

  哪些词可以充当主语

 

1,名词

 

例如:

A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.

 

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

 

The temperature will stay above zero.

 

The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.

 

China does not want to copy the USA’s example.

 

2,代词

 

例如:

It’s a young forest.

 

I don’t know if it will grow.

 

That’s a bit expensive.

 

You’d better buy a new pair.

 

I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes.

 

3,数词

 

例如:

One and two is three.

 

One is not enough for me. I want one more.

 

One of them is English.

 

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

 

Two will be enough.

 

4,不定式(常以 It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现)

 

例如:

To give is better than to receive = Its better to give.

 

I found it difficult to get to sleep.

 

It’s glad to see you again.

 

It was difficult to say.

 

But it’s good to swim in

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