vscode+docker搭建linux c开发环境

步骤如下：

第1步、构建自定义的docker镜像。

Dockerfile如下：

FROM ubuntu:18.04

# 替换为阿里云镜像，如不需要可以去掉本部分
RUN printf '\n\
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse' > /etc/apt/sources.list

# 安装开发环境必要的包, 可根据自己需要调整
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y ssh openssh-server
RUN apt-get install -y build-essential
RUN apt-get install -y gcc g++ gdb gdbserver cmake
RUN apt-get install -y net-tools
RUN apt-get install -y tar 
RUN apt-get install -y rsync
RUN apt-get install -y vim
RUN apt-get install -y git
# 安装manpage
RUN sed -i 's:^path-exclude=/usr/share/man:#path-exclude=/usr/share/man:' \
        /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/excludes
RUN apt-get install -y man manpages-posix manpages-dev manpages-posix-dev

# 安装zsh
RUN apt-get install -y git zsh \
    && git clone https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh.git ~/.oh-my-zsh \
    && cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc

# 时区
RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends tzdata
RUN TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
    && ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime \
    && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone \
    && dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive tzdata 

# Clean apt-cache
RUN apt autoremove -y \
    && apt clean -y \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

ENTRYPOINT [ "/bin/zsh" ]

运行如下命令构建镜像：

docker build -t "ubuntu-c-develop" .

第2步、vscode在docker容器中开发

（1）打开项目目录
（2）新建目录 .devcontainer，在该目录下新建文件devcontainer.json，把上面的自定义镜像名称配置到该文件中：

{
    "image": "lvhao/ubuntu-c-develop"
} 

（3）shift + cmd + p 打开命令窗口，执行“Reopen in Container”命令：

执行命令后，vscode会自动为我们创建指定镜像的容器，并在容器中打开项目。

（4）安装必要插件

经过以上的配置后，就可以在docker容器中进行linux c开发了。