[Errno 28] No space left on device —— Hyper虚拟机扩展 /dev/mapper/cl-root文件系统扩容
问题描述：在下载python包时，报错：
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 28] No space left on device
问题排查: 发现/dev/mapper/cl-root文件系统占用已达到100%
[elasticsearch@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.4G 4.0K 1.4G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.4G 8.5M 1.4G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 16G 16G 147M 100% /
/dev/sda2 976M 133M 777M 15% /boot
/dev/sda1 599M 6.8M 593M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 278M 0 278M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 278M 0 278M 0% /run/user/1002
其他方法，来源于网络：
- 彻底清除 rm 命令残留的文件 【尝试后，发现并不适合，从100%变成了99%，应该是我本来残留的文件就不大】
- 将其他文件系统的容量分配给root文件系统一些【我并没有用，我的理解是，其他的也不多】
最终我决定进行扩容，我的虚拟机是用Hyper-V进行管理的。
关闭虚拟机，设置虚拟机，磁盘管理，扩容50G
[elasticsearch@localhost ~]$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 600M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda3 8:3 0 18.4G 0 part
│ ├─cl-root 253:0 0 46.4G 0 lvm /
│ └─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─sda4 8:4 0 30G 0 part
└─cl-root 253:0 0 46.4G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 7G 0 rom
[elasticsearch@localhost ~]$ fdisk /dev/sda
看到，sda已经100G了，后来我对其进行了一次30G扩容。决定在进行10G扩容
创建分区：忘了写 + 号，报错两次，哈哈哈
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (5-128, default 5):
First sector (104855552-209715166, default 104855552):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104855552-209715166, default 209715166): 10G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104855552-209715166, default 209715166): 5G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104855552-209715166, default 209715166): +10G
Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 10 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
查看分区：已创建 sda5
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 600M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda3 8:3 0 18.4G 0 part
│ ├─cl-root 253:0 0 46.4G 0 lvm /
│ └─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─sda4 8:4 0 30G 0 part
│ └─cl-root 253:0 0 46.4G 0 lvm /
└─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 7G 0 rom
扩容：创建物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda5
Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created.
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name cl
PV Size 18.41 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4713
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4713
PV UUID L5rZ2u-wT9S-TMBL-1b48-2cPp-dgUs-19ZdzX
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name cl
PV Size 30.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7679
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 7679
PV UUID j4bUmo-lAgX-RwBP-ID0h-DlkZ-xoR1-TdSxpM
"/dev/sda5" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID weC1Mt-2sZM-XUGV-tRRk-hwv2-ffck-ByphVV
将物理卷加入到卷组
lvm> vgextend cl /dev/sda5
Volume group "cl" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 58.40 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 14951
Alloc PE / Size 12392 / <48.41 GiB
Free PE / Size 2559 / <10.00 GiB
VG UUID 1KixID-ckoX-S7L6-nEe0-pILr-G7Lj-jltxxb
lvm> lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/cl/root
Size of logical volume cl/root changed from <46.41 GiB (11880 extents) to 56.40 GiB (14439 extents).
Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
lvm> exit
Exiting.
同步到文件系统, 对 / 目录进行扩容
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root isize=512 agcount=12, agsize=1075456 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=12165120, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 12165120 to 14785536
查看结果： df -h
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.4G 4.0K 1.4G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.4G 8.5M 1.4G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 57G 16G 41G 28% /
/dev/sda2 976M 133M 777M 15% /boot
/dev/sda1 599M 6.8M 593M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 278M 0 278M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 278M 0 278M 0% /run/user/1002
tmpfs 278M 0 278M 0% /run/user/0
约为16G + 30G + 10G = 56G 约等于 57G