linux下使用parted进行磁盘分区

转载自：https://www.cnblogs.com/onlybobby/p/7018788.html

parted命令

fdisk命令是针对MBR分区进行操作，MBR分区因为自身设计原因，不能处理大于2TB的硬盘，并且只能有4个分区。

针对大于2TB的硬盘，需要采用GPT分区，使用parted命令进行操作 

 

parted命令使用

print  [free|all | NUMBER]	查看分区状态信息
mkpart PART-TYPE START END	创建新分区， PART-TYPE: primary  extended   logical  START, END  开始，结束为止
set NUMBER  FLAG  STATE	对编号为NUMBER的进行标记。 FLAG: boot  引导， hidden 隐藏， raid  软raid， lvm  逻辑卷，  STATE:  on| off
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE	对NUMBER指定文件系统。FS-Type有：ext2、fat16、fat32、linuxswap、NTFS、reiserfs、ufs 等
cp  [FROM-DEV] FROM-NUMBER  TO-NUMBER	将分区 FROM-NUMBER 上的文件系统完整地复制到分区TO-NUMBER 中，作为可选项还可以指定一个来源硬盘的设备名称FROM-DEVICE，若省略则在当前设备上进行复制。
move NUMBER START END	将指定编号 NUMBER 的分区移动到从 START 开始 END 结束的位置上。注意：（1）只能将分区移动到空闲空间中。（2）虽然分区被移动了，但它的分区编号是不会改变的
resize NUMBER START END	对指定编号 NUMBER 的分区调整大小。分区的开始位置和结束位置由 START 和 END 决定
check NUMBER	检查指定编号 NUMBER 分区中的文件系统是否有什么错误
rescue START END	rescue START END
mklabel,mktable LABELTYPE	创建一个新的 LABEL-TYPE 类型的空磁盘分区表，对于PC而言 msdos 是常用的 LABELTYPE。 若是用 GUID 分区表，LABEL-TYPE 应该为 gpt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

实例： 

1. 对/dev/sdb分区进行操作
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb 
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

2. 制定磁盘格式为gpt
(parted) mklabel                                            
New disk label type? gpt        

3. 查看磁盘分区信息                                          
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

4. 制作分区
(parted) mkpart                                                           
Partition name?  []? d1                                                   
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
Start? 0                                                                  
End? 512M
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.  #注意这个警告。采用这种方式分区只是测试，后边又把相关分区删除了。
Ignore/Cancel? i     

5. 查看新增分区后的状态                                                     
(parted) prin                                                             
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  512MB  512MB               d1

6. 删除分区1（Number号）
(parted) rm 1


7. 新增分区 primary 分区，起始2048sector ，结束磁盘大小的50%
(parted) mkpart primary 2048s 50%                                                 
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  537MB  536MB               primary

8. 新增另一个分区，primary分区，起始磁盘的50%，结束100%大小。
(parted) mkpart primary 50% 100%         
                                 
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  537MB   536MB               primary
 2      537MB   1073MB  536MB               primary

9. 退出parted
(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.


10. fdisk查看磁盘状态。能够发现新增磁盘分区状态。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c0b7f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    41943039    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048      1048575    511M  Microsoft basic primary
 2      1048576      2095103    511M  Microsoft basic primary


11. 新增完成后，建议重新格式化分区。
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 523264 blocks
26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720
64 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 




[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 523264 blocks
26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720
64 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 


12. 修改/etc/fstab实现自动挂载

建议使用UUID进行挂在
blkid /dev/sdb1  (或者blkid)
/dev/sdb1: UUID="bc95b330-5eb9-4b68-9f9f-71c52247a1b4" TYPE="ext4" 

修改/etc/fstab
UUID=bc95b330-5eb9-4b68-9f9f-71c52247a1b4 /opt                   ext4    defaults        0 0