CentOS7 上安装 Postgresql

1、选择安装包

在postgresql的官方即可找到源码文件目录，地址如下：postgresql的官网地址，根据项目需求选择对应的版本进行安装，具体如下图所示：

2、安装

①解压安装包
首先进入源码包所在的目录进行解压

[root@admin-node011 opt]# tar -zxf postgresql-10.15.tar.gz 

②编译
进入解压目录，通过./configure 编译：

[root@admin-node011 postgresql-10.15]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking which template to use... linux
checking whether NLS is wanted... no
checking for default port number... 5432
checking for block size... 8kB
checking for segment size... 1GB
checking for WAL block size... 8kB
checking for WAL segment size... 16MB
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether gcc supports -Wdeclaration-after-statement... yes
checking whether gcc supports -Wendif-labels... yes
checking whether gcc supports -Wmissing-format-attribute... yes
checking whether gcc supports -Wformat-security... yes
checking whether gcc supports -fno-strict-aliasing... yes
checking whether gcc supports -fwrapv... yes
checking whether gcc supports -fexcess-precision=standard... yes
checking whether gcc supports -funroll-loops... yes
checking whether gcc supports -ftree-vectorize... yes
checking whether gcc supports -Wunused-command-line-argument... no
checking whether gcc supports -Wformat-truncation... no
checking whether gcc supports -Wstringop-truncation... no
checking whether the C compiler still works... yes
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for pkg-config... /bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking allow thread-safe client libraries... yes
checking whether to build with ICU support... no
checking whether to build with Tcl... no
checking whether to build Perl modules... no
checking whether to build Python modules... no
checking whether to build with GSSAPI support... no
checking whether to build with PAM support... no
checking whether to build with BSD Authentication support... no
checking whether to build with LDAP support... no
checking whether to build with Bonjour support... no
checking whether to build with OpenSSL support... no
checking whether to build with SELinux support... no
checking whether to build with systemd support... no
checking whether to build with XML support... no
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ld used by GCC... /bin/ld
checking if the linker (/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for strip... strip
checking whether it is possible to strip libraries... yes
checking for ar... ar
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /bin/install -c
checking for tar... /bin/tar
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for gawk... gawk
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for bison... /bin/bison
configure: using bison (GNU Bison) 3.0.4
checking for flex... /bin/flex
configure: using flex 2.5.37
checking for perl... /bin/perl
configure: using perl 5.16.3
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking if compiler needs certain flags to reject unknown flags... no
checking for the pthreads library -lpthreads... no
checking whether pthreads work without any flags... no
checking whether pthreads work with -Kthread... no
checking whether pthreads work with -kthread... no
checking for the pthreads library -llthread... no
checking whether pthreads work with -pthread... yes
checking for joinable pthread attribute... PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
checking if more special flags are required for pthreads... no
checking for PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT... yes
checking pthread.h usability... yes
checking pthread.h presence... yes
checking for pthread.h... yes
checking for strerror_r... yes
checking for getpwuid_r... yes
checking for gethostbyname_r... yes
checking whether strerror_r returns int... no
checking for main in -lm... yes
checking for library containing setproctitle... no
checking for library containing dlopen... -ldl
checking for library containing socket... none required
checking for library containing shl_load... no
checking for library containing getopt_long... none required
checking for library containing crypt... -lcrypt
checking for library containing shm_open... -lrt
checking for library containing shm_unlink... none required
checking for library containing clock_gettime... none required
checking for library containing fdatasync... none required
checking for library containing sched_yield... none required
checking for library containing gethostbyname_r... none required
checking for library containing shmget... none required
checking for library containing readline... -lreadline
checking for inflate in -lz... yes
checking atomic.h usability... no
checking atomic.h presence... no
checking for atomic.h... no
checking crypt.h usability... yes
checking crypt.h presence... yes
checking for crypt.h... yes
checking dld.h usability... no
checking dld.h presence... no
checking for dld.h... no
checking fp_class.h usability... no
checking fp_class.h presence... no
checking for fp_class.h... no
checking getopt.h usability... yes
checking getopt.h presence... yes
checking for getopt.h... yes
checking ieeefp.h usability... no
checking ieeefp.h presence... no
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checking ifaddrs.h usability... yes
checking ifaddrs.h presence... yes
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checking langinfo.h usability... yes
checking langinfo.h presence... yes
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checking mbarrier.h usability... no
checking mbarrier.h presence... no
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checking poll.h usability... yes
checking poll.h presence... yes
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checking sys/epoll.h usability... yes
checking sys/epoll.h presence... yes
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checking sys/ipc.h usability... yes
checking sys/ipc.h presence... yes
checking for sys/ipc.h... yes
checking sys/pstat.h usability... no
checking sys/pstat.h presence... no
checking for sys/pstat.h... no
checking sys/resource.h usability... yes
checking sys/resource.h presence... yes
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checking sys/select.h usability... yes
checking sys/select.h presence... yes
checking for sys/select.h... yes
checking sys/sem.h usability... yes
checking sys/sem.h presence... yes
checking for sys/sem.h... yes
checking sys/shm.h usability... yes
checking sys/shm.h presence... yes
checking for sys/shm.h... yes
checking sys/sockio.h usability... no
checking sys/sockio.h presence... no
checking for sys/sockio.h... no
checking sys/tas.h usability... no
checking sys/tas.h presence... no
checking for sys/tas.h... no
checking sys/un.h usability... yes
checking sys/un.h presence... yes
checking for sys/un.h... yes
checking termios.h usability... yes
checking termios.h presence... yes
checking for termios.h... yes
checking ucred.h usability... no
checking ucred.h presence... no
checking for ucred.h... no
checking utime.h usability... yes
checking utime.h presence... yes
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checking wchar.h usability... yes
checking wchar.h presence... yes
checking for wchar.h... yes
checking wctype.h usability... yes
checking wctype.h presence... yes
checking for wctype.h... yes
checking for net/if.h... yes
checking for sys/ucred.h... no
checking for netinet/tcp.h... yes
checking readline/readline.h usability... yes
checking readline/readline.h presence... yes
checking for readline/readline.h... yes
checking readline/history.h usability... yes
checking readline/history.h presence... yes
checking for readline/history.h... yes
checking zlib.h usability... yes
checking zlib.h presence... yes
checking for zlib.h... yes
checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no
checking for inline... inline
checking for printf format archetype... gnu_printf
checking for flexible array members... yes
checking for signed types... yes
checking for __func__... yes
checking for _Static_assert... yes
checking for typeof... typeof
checking for __builtin_types_compatible_p... yes
checking for __builtin_bswap32... yes
checking for __builtin_bswap64... yes
checking for __builtin_constant_p... yes
checking for __builtin_unreachable... yes
checking for computed goto support... yes
checking for __VA_ARGS__... yes
checking whether struct tm is in sys/time.h or time.h... time.h
checking for struct tm.tm_zone... yes
checking for tzname... yes
checking for union semun... no
checking for struct sockaddr_un... yes
checking for struct sockaddr_storage... yes
checking for struct sockaddr_storage.ss_family... yes
checking for struct sockaddr_storage.__ss_family... no
checking for struct sockaddr_storage.ss_len... no
checking for struct sockaddr_storage.__ss_len... no
checking for struct sockaddr.sa_len... no
checking for struct addrinfo... yes
checking for intptr_t... yes
checking for uintptr_t... yes
checking for unsigned long long int... yes
checking for long long int... yes
checking for locale_t... yes
checking for struct cmsgcred... no
checking for struct option... yes
checking for z_streamp... yes
checking for special C compiler options needed for large files... no
checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... no
checking size of off_t... 8
checking for int timezone... yes
checking types of arguments for accept()... int, int, struct sockaddr *, socklen_t *
checking whether gettimeofday takes only one argument... no
checking for wcstombs_l declaration... no
checking for cbrt... yes
checking for clock_gettime... yes
checking for dlopen... yes
checking for fdatasync... yes
checking for getifaddrs... yes
checking for getpeerucred... no
checking for getrlimit... yes
checking for mbstowcs_l... no
checking for memmove... yes
checking for poll... yes
checking for posix_fallocate... yes
checking for pstat... no
checking for pthread_is_threaded_np... no
checking for readlink... yes
checking for setproctitle... no
checking for setsid... yes
checking for shm_open... yes
checking for strsignal... yes
checking for symlink... yes
checking for sync_file_range... yes
checking for towlower... yes
checking for uselocale... yes
checking for utime... yes
checking for utimes... yes
checking for wcstombs... yes
checking for wcstombs_l... no
checking for fseeko... yes
checking for _LARGEFILE_SOURCE value needed for large files... no
checking how gcc reports undeclared, standard C functions... error
checking for posix_fadvise... yes
checking whether posix_fadvise is declared... yes
checking whether fdatasync is declared... yes
checking whether strlcat is declared... no
checking whether strlcpy is declared... no
checking whether F_FULLFSYNC is declared... no
checking for struct sockaddr_in6... yes
checking for PS_STRINGS... no
checking for snprintf... yes
checking for vsnprintf... yes
checking whether snprintf is declared... yes
checking whether vsnprintf is declared... yes
checking for isinf... yes
checking for crypt... yes
checking for fls... no
checking for getopt... yes
checking for getrusage... yes
checking for inet_aton... yes
checking for mkdtemp... yes
checking for random... yes
checking for rint... yes
checking for srandom... yes
checking for strerror... yes
checking for strlcat... no
checking for strlcpy... no
checking for unsetenv... yes
checking for getpeereid... no
checking for getaddrinfo... yes
checking for getopt_long... yes
checking for syslog... yes
checking syslog.h usability... yes
checking syslog.h presence... yes
checking for syslog.h... yes
checking for opterr... yes
checking for optreset... no
checking for strtoll... yes
checking for strtoull... yes
checking whether strtoll is declared... yes
checking whether strtoull is declared... yes
checking for rl_completion_append_character... yes
checking for rl_completion_matches... yes
checking for rl_filename_completion_function... yes
checking for rl_reset_screen_size... yes
checking for append_history... yes
checking for history_truncate_file... yes
checking test program... ok
checking whether long int is 64 bits... yes
checking whether snprintf supports the %z modifier... yes
checking size of void *... 8
checking size of size_t... 8
checking size of long... 8
checking whether to build with float4 passed by value... yes
checking whether to build with float8 passed by value... yes
checking alignment of short... 2
checking alignment of int... 4
checking alignment of long... 8
checking alignment of double... 8
checking for int8... no
checking for uint8... no
checking for int64... no
checking for uint64... no
checking for __int128... yes
checking for __int128 alignment bug... ok
checking alignment of PG_INT128_TYPE... 16
checking for builtin __sync char locking functions... yes
checking for builtin __sync int32 locking functions... yes
checking for builtin __sync int32 atomic operations... yes
checking for builtin __sync int64 atomic operations... yes
checking for builtin __atomic int32 atomic operations... yes
checking for builtin __atomic int64 atomic operations... yes
checking for __get_cpuid... yes
checking for __cpuid... no
checking for _mm_crc32_u8 and _mm_crc32_u32 with CFLAGS=... no
checking for _mm_crc32_u8 and _mm_crc32_u32 with CFLAGS=-msse4.2... yes
checking which CRC-32C implementation to use... SSE 4.2 with runtime check
checking for library containing sem_init... -lpthread
checking which semaphore API to use... unnamed POSIX
checking for /dev/urandom... yes
checking which random number source to use... /dev/urandom
checking for onsgmls... no
checking for nsgmls... no
checking for DocBook V4.2... no
checking for dbtoepub... no
checking for xmllint... /bin/xmllint
checking for xsltproc... /bin/xsltproc
checking for osx... no
checking for sgml2xml... no
checking for sx... no
checking for fop... no
checking thread safety of required library functions... yes
checking whether gcc supports -Wl,--as-needed... yes
configure: using compiler=gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
configure: using CFLAGS=-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2
configure: using CPPFLAGS= -D_GNU_SOURCE 
configure: using LDFLAGS=  -Wl,--as-needed
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating GNUmakefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile.global
config.status: creating src/include/pg_config.h
config.status: creating src/include/pg_config_ext.h
config.status: creating src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h
config.status: linking src/backend/port/tas/dummy.s to src/backend/port/tas.s
config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.c to src/backend/port/dynloader.c
config.status: linking src/backend/port/posix_sema.c to src/backend/port/pg_sema.c
config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c to src/backend/port/pg_shmem.c
config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.h to src/include/dynloader.h
config.status: linking src/include/port/linux.h to src/include/pg_config_os.h
config.status: linking src/makefiles/Makefile.linux to src/Makefile.port

注意： 因为我的机器是之前安装过其他的组件，因此没有报依赖相关的问题，如果是新机器安装可能会报相关的依赖问题，因此缺少什么就安装什么即可。
一般是执行
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ readline-devel zlib-devel
③ 执行make&& make install

[root@admin-node011 postgresql-10.15]# make && make install

上个阶段解决依赖后，再执行这个过程中就不会报错，因此会在上个步骤指定的/usr/local/目录下会生产pgsql目录。

3、用户权限

编译安装成功后，尝试初次启动pgsql，发现root用户是无法启动pgsql。

执行以下命令创建普通用户，并修改pgsql目录下所有的权限为普通用户的，为区别对待，因此我们这里创建的用户仍为postgres。

[root@admin-node011 local]#  useradd postgres
[root@admin-node011 local]#  echo 'postgres' | passwd --stdin postgres
[root@admin-node011 local]# chown -R postgres:postgres pgsql/

4、初始化数据库

[root@admin-node011 bin]# ./initdb --help
initdb initializes a PostgreSQL database cluster.

Usage:
  initdb [OPTION]... [DATADIR]

Options:
  -A, --auth=METHOD         default authentication method for local connections
      --auth-host=METHOD    default authentication method for local TCP/IP connections
      --auth-local=METHOD   default authentication method for local-socket connections
 [-D, --pgdata=]DATADIR     location for this database cluster
  -E, --encoding=ENCODING   set default encoding for new databases
      --locale=LOCALE       set default locale for new databases
      --lc-collate=, --lc-ctype=, --lc-messages=LOCALE
      --lc-monetary=, --lc-numeric=, --lc-time=LOCALE
                            set default locale in the respective category for
                            new databases (default taken from environment)
      --no-locale           equivalent to --locale=C
      --pwfile=FILE         read password for the new superuser from file
  -T, --text-search-config=CFG
                            default text search configuration
  -U, --username=NAME       database superuser name
  -W, --pwprompt            prompt for a password for the new superuser
  -X, --waldir=WALDIR       location for the write-ahead log directory

Less commonly used options:
  -d, --debug               generate lots of debugging output
  -k, --data-checksums      use data page checksums
  -L DIRECTORY              where to find the input files
  -n, --no-clean            do not clean up after errors
  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk
  -s, --show                show internal settings
  -S, --sync-only           only sync data directory

Other options:
  -V, --version             output version information, then exit
  -?, --help                show this help, then exit

If the data directory is not specified, the environment variable PGDATA
is used.

Report bugs to <[email protected]>.

在这里，工作区指定为/usr/local/pgsql/data目录，实际使用当中，可以指定到任何目录，紧接着就启动postgresql

第一次初始化时发现会报错，提示我们/usr/local/pgsql/data目录已经存在且不为空

因此我们尝试删除data目录下的所有内容，然后再次进行初始化。查看发现好像这次是初始化成功的。

正确的方式进行初始化后会发现，/usr/loacl/pgsql/data/目录下生成对应的内容

5、启动

紧接着，就可以第一次启动pgsql

[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ -l logfile start
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ 

上图我们会发现postgresql已经启动
当然我们可以先不启动，因为后面我们要修改一些配置参数
初始化后我们在postgresql的目录可以看到生成的数据目录data以及该目录的相关数据和配置文件，pg_hba.conf和postgresql.conf在之前的博客也都提及了，一个是访问控制配置（127.0.0.1改为信任的客户端ip网段使其可以远程访问），一个是postgresql主配置文件（listen_address=localhost改为星号使其监听整个网络）

[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ pwd
/usr/local/pgsql/data
[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ vim pg_hba.conf 
[root@admin-node011 data]# cat pg_hba.conf  |grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v $'^\t'
local   all             all                                     trust
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust
local   replication     all                                     trust
host    replication     all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
host    replication     all             ::1/128                 trust
host   all             all           192.168.0.0/16             trust
host   all             all           0.0.0.0/0          trust

postgresql.conf 里面得配置信息

[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ vim postgresql.conf 
[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ 
[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ 
[postgres@admin-node011 data]$ cat postgresql.conf  |grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"|grep -v $'^\t'
listen_addresses = '*'		# what IP address(es) to listen on;
port = 5432				# (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100			# (change requires restart)
shared_buffers = 128MB			# min 128kB
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix	# the default is the first option
log_timezone = 'PRC'
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
timezone = 'PRC'
lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF-8'			# locale for system error message
lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8'			# locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8'			# locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8'				# locale for time formatting
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'

配置完成后，重新启动postgresql，并进行验证连接是否正常。

[postgres@admin-node011 pgsql]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ -l logfile restart
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
[postgres@admin-node011 pgsql]$ 

查看启动端口及进程信息

接下来再次用navicat进行连接，
发现可以正常连接，到此 postgresql的单机部署工作就完成了。