建造者模式(Builder Pattern)使用多个简单的对象一步一步构建成一个复杂的对象
建造者模式属于创建型模式,它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。
与工厂模式的区别是:建造者模式更加关注与零件装配的顺序
实际情况:
以一家快餐店为例
一个典型的套餐可以是一个汉堡(Burger)和一杯冷饮(Cold drink)
汉堡(Burger)可以是素食汉堡(Veg Burger)或鸡肉汉堡(Chicken Burger),它们是包在纸盒中 冷饮(Cold drink)可以是可口可乐(coke)或百事可乐(pepsi),它们是装在瓶子中
创建一个表示食物条目(比如汉堡和冷饮)的 Item 接口和实现 Item 接口的实体类, 以及一个表示食物包装的 Packing 接口和实现 Packing 接口的实体类,汉堡是包在纸盒中,冷饮是装在瓶子中
然后创建一个 Meal 类,带有 Item 的 ArrayList 和一个通过结合 Item 来创建不同类型的 Meal 对象的 MealBuilder
最后使用 MealBuilder 来创建一个 Meal
创建一个表示食物条目和食物包装的接口
package testDesignPatterns;
public interface Item {
public String name();
public Packing packing();
public float price();
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public interface Packing {
public String pack();
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public class Wrapper implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Wrapper";
}
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public class Bottle implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Bottle";
}
}
创建实现 Item 接口的抽象类,该类提供了默认的功能
package testDesignPatterns;
public abstract class Burger implements Item {
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Wrapper();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Bottle();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
创建扩展了 Burger 和 ColdDrink 的实体类
package testDesignPatterns;
public class VegBurger extends Burger {
@Override
public float price() {
return 25.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Veg Burger";
}
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public class ChickenBurger extends Burger {
@Override
public float price() {
return 50.5f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Chicken Burger";
}
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public class Coke extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public float price() {
return 30.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Coke";
}
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public class Pepsi extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public float price() {
return 35.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Pepsi";
}
}
创建一个 Meal 类,带有上面定义的 Item 对象
package testDesignPatterns;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Meal {
private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();
public void addItem(Item item){
items.add(item);
}
public float getCost(){
float cost = 0.0f;
for (Item item : items) {
cost += item.price();
}
return cost;
}
public void showItems(){
for (Item item : items) {
System.out.print("Item : "+item.name());
System.out.print(", Packing : "+item.packing().pack());
System.out.println(", Price : "+item.price());
}
}
}
package testDesignPatterns;
public class MealBuilder {
public Meal prepareVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
meal.addItem(new Coke());
return meal;
}
public Meal prepareNonVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
meal.addItem(new Pepsi());
return meal;
}
}
BuiderPatternDemo 使用 MealBuider 来演示建造者模式(Builder Pattern )
BuilderPatternDemo.java
// author: DDKK.COM 弟弟快看,程序员编程资料站(ddkk.com)
// Copyright © 2015-2065 ddkk.com. All rights reserved.
package com.ddkk.gof;
public class BuilderPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MealBuilder mealBuilder = new MealBuilder();
Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal();
System.out.println("Veg Meal");
vegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +vegMeal.getCost());
Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal();
System.out.println("\n\nNon-Veg Meal");
nonVegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +nonVegMeal.getCost());
}
}
结果:
Veg Meal
Item : Veg Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 25.0
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 30.0
Total Cost: 55.0
Non-Veg Meal
Item : Chicken Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 50.5
Item : Pepsi, Packing : Bottle, Price : 35.0
Total Cost: 85.5
来源:建造者模式