python windows ui test_转载：Pytest UI自动化测试实战实例
环境准备
序号
库/插件/工具
安装命令
1
确保您已经安装了python3.x
2
配置python3+pycharm+selenium2开发环境
3
安装pytest库
pip install pytest
4
安装pytest -html 报告插件
pip install pytest-html
5
安装pypiwin32库(用来模拟按键)
pip install pypiwin32
6
安装openpyxl解析excel文件库
pip install openpyxl
7
安装yagmail发送报告库
pip install yagmail
8
确保已配置火狐或谷歌浏览器及对应驱动
9
确保已经正确配置好发送邮件的邮箱
项目简介
测试地址
测试范围
1.126电子邮箱登录功能测试-验证正确帐号密码登录成功-验证错误用户名密码登录失败(有很多情况，用例里面做了充分的校验)
2.126电子邮箱添加联系人功能测试-验证正确填写必填项数据添加联系人成功-验证缺省必填项数据添加联系人失败-验证必填项字段数据格式错误添加联系人失败
3.126电子邮箱发送邮件功能测试-验证普通邮件发送成功-验证带附件邮件发送成功
项目设计
1.python编程语言设计测试脚本
2.webdriver驱动浏览器并操作页面元素
3.二次封装webdriver Api 操作方法
4.采用PageObject设计模式，设计测试业务流程
5.通过UI对象库存储页面操作元素
6.通过数据文件存储数据，读取数据，参数化测试用例并驱动测试执行
7.通过第三方插件pytest-html生成测试报告
8.通过yagmail第三方库，编写发送报告接口，测试工作完成后自动发送测试报告
代码分析
目录结构
1 PytestAutoTestFrameWork2 |—|config3 |——|__init__.py4 |——|conf.py5 |——|config.ini6 |—|data7 |——|__init__.py8 |——|tcData.xlsx9 |—Page10 |——|PageObject.py11 |———|__init__.py12 |———|ContactPage.py13 |———|HomePage.py14 |———|LoginPage.py15 |———|SendMailPage.py16 |——|__init__.py17 |——|BasePage.py18 |—|report19 |—|TestCases20 |——|__init__.py21 |——|conftest.py22 |——|test_confactCase.py23 |——|test_loginCase.py24 |——|test_sendMailCase.py25 |—|util26 |——|__init__.py27 |——|clipboard.py28 |——|keyboard.py29 |——|parseConFile.py30 |——|parseExcelFile.py31 |——|sendMailForReport.py32 |—|conftest.py33 |—|pytest.ini34 |—|RunTestCase.py
目录结构
代码实现
通过126邮箱测试范围分析，我们需要通过设计剪切板，模拟键盘完成附件上传操作，因此我们首先来编写这两个方法
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/15 12:044 @Auth : linux超5 @File : clipboard.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importwin32con11 importwin32clipboard as WC12
13
14 classClipBoard(object):15 '''设置剪切板内容和获取剪切板内容'''
16
17 @staticmethod18 defgetText():19 '''获取剪切板的内容'''
20 WC.OpenClipboard()21 value =WC.GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_TEXT)22 WC.CloseClipboard()23 returnvalue24
25 @staticmethod26 defsetText(value):27 '''设置剪切板的内容'''
28 WC.OpenClipboard()29 WC.EmptyClipboard()30 WC.SetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT, value)31 WC.CloseClipboard()32
33
34 if __name__ == '__main__':35 from selenium importwebdriver36
37 value = 'python'
38 driver =webdriver.Firefox()39 driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')40 query = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')41 ClipBoard.setText(value)42 clValue =ClipBoard.getText()43 query.send_keys(clValue.decode('utf-8'))
clipboard.py-操作剪切板
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/15 12:054 @Auth : linux超5 @File : keyboard.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10
11 #模拟按键
12 importwin32api13 importwin32con14 importtime15
16
17 classKeyBoard(object):18 """模拟按键"""
19 #键盘码
20 vk_code ={21 'enter' : 0x0D,22 'tab' : 0x09,23 'ctrl' : 0x11,24 'v' : 0x56,25 'a' : 0x41,26 'x' : 0x58
27 }28
29 @staticmethod30 defkeyDown(key_name):31 """按下键"""
32 key_name =key_name.lower()33 try:34 win32api.keybd_event(KeyBoard.vk_code[key_name], 0, 0, 0)35 exceptException as e:36 print('未按下enter键')37 print(e)38
39 @staticmethod40 defkeyUp(key_name):41 """抬起键"""
42 key_name =key_name.lower()43 win32api.keybd_event(KeyBoard.vk_code[key_name], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)44
45 @staticmethod46 defoneKey(key):47 """模拟单个按键"""
48 key =key.lower()49 KeyBoard.keyDown(key)50 time.sleep(2)51 KeyBoard.keyUp(key)52
53 @staticmethod54 deftwoKeys(key1, key2):55 """模拟组合按键"""
56 key1 =key1.lower()57 key2 =key2.lower()58 KeyBoard.keyDown(key1)59 KeyBoard.keyDown(key2)60 KeyBoard.keyUp(key1)61 KeyBoard.keyUp(key2)62
63
64 if __name__ == '__main__':65 from selenium importwebdriver66 driver =webdriver.Firefox()67 driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')68 driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')69 KeyBoard.twoKeys('ctrl', 'a')70 KeyBoard.twoKeys('ctrl', 'x')
keyboard.py-模拟键盘
通过测试项目设计，我们需要把测试数据存放在Excel文件中，把页面操作元素存在UI对象库中也就是一个配置文件，那么我们需要对Excel 和 ini文件解析，因此我们开始编写这两个方法，设计UI对象库和测试数据文件
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/22 16:124 @Auth : linux超5 @File : parseExcelFile.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 from openpyxl importload_workbook11 from config.conf importexcelPath12
13
14 classParseExcel(object):15
16 def __init__(self):17 self.wk =load_workbook(excelPath)18 self.excelFile =excelPath19
20 defgetSheetByName(self, sheetName):21 """获取sheet对象"""
22 sheet =self.wk[sheetName]23 returnsheet24
25 defgetRowNum(self, sheet):26 """获取有效数据的最大行号"""
27 returnsheet.max_row28
29 defgetColsNum(self, sheet):30 """获取有效数据的最大列号"""
31 returnsheet.max_column32
33 defgetRowValues(self, sheet, rowNum):34 """获取某一行的数据"""
35 maxColsNum =self.getColsNum(sheet)36 rowValues =[]37 for colsNum in range(1, maxColsNum + 1):38 value =sheet.cell(rowNum, colsNum).value39 if value isNone:40 value = ''
41 rowValues.append(value)42 returntuple(rowValues)43
44 defgetColumnValues(self, sheet, columnNum):45 """获取某一列的数据"""
46 maxRowNum =self.getRowNum(sheet)47 columnValues =[]48 for rowNum in range(2, maxRowNum + 1):49 value =sheet.cell(rowNum, columnNum).value50 if value isNone:51 value = ''
52 columnValues.append(value)53 returntuple(columnValues)54
55 defgetValueOfCell(self, sheet, rowNum, columnNum):56 """获取某一个单元格的数据"""
57 value =sheet.cell(rowNum, columnNum).value58 if value isNone:59 value = ''
60 returnvalue61
62 defgetAllValuesOfSheet(self, sheet):63 """获取某一个sheet页的所有测试数据，返回一个元祖组成的列表"""
64 maxRowNum =self.getRowNum(sheet)65 columnNum =self.getColsNum(sheet)66 allValues =[]67 for row in range(2, maxRowNum + 1):68 rowValues =[]69 for column in range(1, columnNum + 1):70 value =sheet.cell(row, column).value71 if value isNone:72 value = ''
73 rowValues.append(value)74 allValues.append(tuple(rowValues))75 returnallValues76
77
78 if __name__ == '__main__':79 #excel = ParseExcel()
80 #sheet = excel.getSheetByName('login')
81 #print('行号:', excel.getRowNum(sheet))
82 #print('列号:', excel.getColsNum(sheet))
83 #84 #rowvalues = excel.getRowValues(sheet, 1)
85 #columnvalues = excel.getColumnValues(sheet, 2)
86 #valueofcell = excel.getValueOfCell(sheet, 1, 2)
87 #allvalues = excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(sheet)
88 #89 #print('第{}行数据{}'.format(1, rowvalues))
90 #print('第{}列数据{}'.format(2, columnvalues))
91 #print('{}{}单元格的内容{}'.format(1, 2, valueofcell))
92 #print('login{}'.format(allvalues))
93
94 excel =ParseExcel()95 sheet = excel.getSheetByName('mail')96 print('行号:', excel.getRowNum(sheet))97 print('列号:', excel.getColsNum(sheet))98
99 allvalues =excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(sheet)100
101 print('sendmail{}'.format(allvalues))
parseExcelFile.py-解析Excel文件
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/18 10:544 @Auth : linux超5 @File : parseConFile.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importconfigparser11 from config.conf importconfigDir12
13
14 classParseConFile(object):15
16 def __init__(self):17 self.file =configDir18 self.conf =configparser.ConfigParser()19 self.conf.read(self.file, encoding='utf-8')20
21 defgetAllSections(self):22 """获取所有的section，返回一个列表"""
23 returnself.conf.sections()24
25 defgetAllOptions(self, section):26 """获取指定section下所有的option, 返回列表"""
27 returnself.conf.options(section)28
29 defgetLocatorsOrAccount(self, section, option):30 """获取指定section, 指定option对应的数据, 返回元祖和字符串"""
31 try:32 locator =self.conf.get(section, option)33 if ('->' inlocator):34 locator = tuple(locator.split('->'))35 returnlocator36 exceptconfigparser.NoOptionError as e:37 print('error:', e)38 return 'error: No option "{}" in section: "{}"'.format(option, section)39
40 defgetOptionValue(self, section):41 """获取指定section下所有的option和对应的数据，返回字典"""
42 value =dict(self.conf.items(section))43 returnvalue44
45
46 if __name__ == '__main__':47 cf =ParseConFile()48 print(cf.getAllSections())49 print(cf.getAllOptions('126LoginAccount'))50 print(cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'username'))51 print(cf.getOptionValue('126LoginAccount'))
parseConFile.py-解析配置文件
1 [126LoginAccount];126邮箱正确的登录账号和密码;运行用例时请更换正确的用户名和密码
2 username=linuxxiaochao3 password=xiaochao115204 [HomePageElements];126邮箱首页菜单栏元素
5 homePage=id->_mail_tabitem_0_3text6 mailList=id->_mail_tabitem_1_4text7 applicationCenter=id->_mail_tabitem_2_5text8 inBox=id->_mail_tabitem_3_6text9 [LoginPageElements];126邮箱登录页面的元素
10 frame=xpath->//div[@id="loginDiv"]/iframe11 username=xpath->//input[@name="email"]
12 password=xpath->//input[@name="password"]
13 loginBtn=xpath->//a[@id="dologin"]
14 ferrorHead=xpath->//div[@class="ferrorhead"]
15 [ContactPageElements];126邮箱添加联系人页面元素
16 new_contact=xpath->//span[text()="新建联系人"]
17 name=id->input_N18 mail=xpath->//div[@id="iaddress_MAIL_wrap"]//input[@class="nui-ipt-input"]
19 star=xpath->//span[@class="nui-chk-text"]/preceding-sibling::span/b20 phone=xpath->//div[@id='iaddress_TEL_wrap']//input[@class='nui-ipt-input']
21 comment=id->input_DETAIL22 commit=xpath->//span[text()='确 定']
23 tooltip=xpath->//span[text()='请正确填写邮件地址。']
24 [SendMailPageElements];126邮箱发送邮件页面元素
25 writeMail=xpath->//div[@id='dvNavContainer']//span[text()='写 信']
26 addressee=xpath->//input[@aria-label='收件人地址输入框，请输入邮件地址，多人时地址请以分号隔开']
27 subject=xpath->//input[contains(@id, '_subjectInput')]
28 iframe=xpath->//iframe[@class="APP-editor-iframe"]
29 text=xpath->/html/body30 sendBtn=xpath->//header//span[text()='发送']
31 expect=xpath->//h1[contains(@id,'_succInfo')]
32 uploadAttachment=xpath->//div[@title="点击添加附件"]
33 delete=xpath->//a[text()='删除']
config.ini
新建excel文件，分3个sheet，分别为：login，contact，mail #每个sheet中数据可自行填写，驱动测试用例执行不同的数据进行测试
login
contact
数据，UI对象库，解析方法都已经有了，接下来通过PageObject模式设计编写每个页面的操作及封装126邮箱的功能，以便后续设计用例调用
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 8:454 @Auth : linux超5 @File : BasePage.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importtime11 from selenium.webdriver.support importexpected_conditions as EC12 from selenium.webdriver.support.wait importWebDriverWait as wd13 from selenium.webdriver.common.by importBy14 from selenium.common.exceptions importNoSuchWindowException, TimeoutException, \15 NoAlertPresentException, NoSuchFrameException16 from selenium importwebdriver17
18 from util.clipboard importClipBoard19 from util.keyboard importKeyBoard20 from util.parseConFile importParseConFile21 from util.parseExcelFile importParseExcel22
23
24 classBasePage(object):25 """
26 结合显示等待封装一些selenium 内置方法27 """
28 cf =ParseConFile()29 excel =ParseExcel()30
31 def __init__(self, driver, outTime=30):32 self.byDic ={33 'id': By.ID,34 'name': By.NAME,35 'class_name': By.CLASS_NAME,36 'xpath': By.XPATH,37 'link_text': By.LINK_TEXT38 }39 self.driver =driver40 self.outTime =outTime41
42 deffindElement(self, by, locator):43 """
44 find alone element45 :param by: eg: id, name, xpath, css.....46 :param locator: id, name, xpath for str47 :return: element object48 """
49 try:50 print('[Info:Starting find the element "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))51 element = wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(lambdax : x.find_element(by, locator))52 exceptTimeoutException as t:53 print('error: found "{}" timeout!'.format(locator), t)54 exceptNoSuchWindowException as e:55 print('error: no such "{}"'.format(locator), e)56 exceptException as e:57 raisee58 else:59 #print('[Info:Had found the element "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))
60 returnelement61
62 deffindElements(self, by, locator):63 """
64 find group elements65 :param by: eg: id, name, xpath, css.....66 :param locator: eg: id, name, xpath for str67 :return: elements object68 """
69 try:70 print('[Info:start find the elements "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))71 elements = wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(lambdax : x.find_element(by, locator))72 exceptTimeoutException as t:73 print(t)74 exceptNoSuchWindowException as e:75 print(e)76 exceptException as e:77 raisee78 else:79 #print('[Info:Had found the elements "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))
80 returnelements81
82 defisElementExsit(self, by, locator):83 """
84 assert element if exist85 :param by: eg: id, name, xpath, css.....86 :param locator: eg: id, name, xpath for str87 :return: if element return True else return false88 """
89 if by.lower() inself.byDic:90 try:91 wd(self.driver, self.outTime).\92 until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((self.byDic[by], locator)))93 exceptTimeoutException:94 print('Error: element "{}" time out!'.format(locator))95 returnFalse96 exceptNoSuchWindowException:97 print('Error: element "{}" not exsit!'.format(locator))98 returnFalse99 returnTrue100 else:101 print('the "{}" error!'.format(by))102
103 defisClick(self, by, locator):104 """判断是否可点击,返回元素对象"""
105 if by.lower() inself.byDic:106 try:107 element =wd(self.driver, self.outTime).\108 until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((self.byDic[by], locator)))109 exceptException:110 returnFalse111 returnelement112 else:113 print('the "{}" error!'.format(by))114
115 defisAlertAndSwitchToIt(self):116 """
117 assert alert if exsit118 :return: alert obj119 """
120 try:121 re =wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(EC.alert_is_present())122 exceptNoAlertPresentException:123 returnFalse124 exceptException:125 returnFalse126 returnre127
128 defswitchToFrame(self, by, locator):129 """判断frame是否存在，存在就跳到frame"""
130 print('info:switching to iframe "{}"'.format(locator))131 if by.lower() inself.byDic:132 try:133 wd(self.driver, self.outTime).\134 until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((self.byDic[by], locator)))135 exceptTimeoutException as t:136 print('error: found "{}" timeout！'.format(locator), t)137 exceptNoSuchFrameException as e:138 print('error: no such "{}"'.format(locator), e)139 exceptException as e:140 raisee141 else:142 print('the "{}" error!'.format(by))143
144 defswitchToDefaultFrame(self):145 """返回默认的frame"""
146 print('info:switch back to default iframe')147 try:148 self.driver.switch_to.default_content()149 exceptException as e:150 print(e)151
152 defgetAlertText(self):153 """获取alert的提示信息"""
154 ifself.isAlertAndSwitchToIt():155 alert =self.isAlertAndSwitchToIt()156 returnalert.text157 else:158 returnNone159
160 def getElementText(self, by, locator, name=None):161 """获取某一个元素的text信息"""
162 try:163 element =self.findElement(by, locator)164 ifname:165 returnelement.get_attribute(name)166 else:167 returnelement.text168 except:169 print('get "{}" text failed return None'.format(locator))170 returnNone171
172 defloadUrl(self, url):173 """加载url"""
174 print('info: string upload url "{}"'.format(url))175 self.driver.get(url)176
177 defgetSource(self):178 """获取页面源码"""
179 returnself.driver.page_source180
181 def sendKeys(self, by, locator, value=''):182 """写数据"""
183 print('info:input "{}"'.format(value))184 try:185 element =self.findElement(by, locator)186 element.send_keys(value)187 exceptAttributeError as e:188 print(e)189
190 defclear(self, by, locator):191 """清理数据"""
192 print('info:clearing value')193 try:194 element =self.findElement(by, locator)195 element.clear()196 exceptAttributeError as e:197 print(e)198
199 defclick(self, by, locator):200 """点击某个元素"""
201 print('info:click "{}"'.format(locator))202 element =self.isClick(by, locator)203 ifelement:204 element.click()205 else:206 print('the "{}" unclickable!')207
208 def sleep(self, num=0):209 """强制等待"""
210 print('info:sleep "{}" minutes'.format(num))211 time.sleep(num)212
213 defctrlV(self, value):214 """ctrl + V 粘贴"""
215 print('info:pasting "{}"'.format(value))216 ClipBoard.setText(value)217 self.sleep(3)218 KeyBoard.twoKeys('ctrl', 'v')219
220 defenterKey(self):221 """enter 回车键"""
222 print('info:keydown enter')223 KeyBoard.oneKey('enter')224
225 defwaitElementtobelocated(self, by, locator):226 """显示等待某个元素出现，且可见"""
227 print('info:waiting "{}" to be located'.format(locator))228 try:229 wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((self.byDic[by], locator)))230 exceptTimeoutException as t:231 print('error: found "{}" timeout！'.format(locator), t)232 exceptNoSuchWindowException as e:233 print('error: no such "{}"'.format(locator), e)234 exceptException as e:235 raisee236
237 defassertValueInSource(self, value):238 """断言某个关键字是否存在页面源码中"""
239 print('info:assert "{}" in page source'.format(value))240 source =self.getSource()241 assert value in source, '关键字"{}"不存在源码中!'.format(value)242
243 defassertStringContainsValue(self, String, value):244 """断言某段字符串包含另一个字符串"""
245 print('info:assert "{}" contains "{}"'.format(String, value))246 assert value in String, '"{}"不包含"{}"!'.format(String, value)247
248
249 @staticmethod250 defgetSheet(sheetName):251 """获取某个sheet页的对象"""
252 sheet =BasePage.excel.getSheetByName(sheetName)253 returnsheet254
255
256 if __name__ == "__main__":257 driver =webdriver.Firefox()258 frame = ('xpath', '//div[@id="loginDiv"]/ifram')259 wait =BasePage(driver)260 driver.get('https://mail.126.com/')261 wait.switchToFrame(*frame)262 username = wait.findElement('xpath', '//input[@name="email"]')263 username.send_keys('账号')264 if wait.isElementExsit('xpath', '//input[@name="password"]'):265 wait.findElement('xpath', '//input[@name="password"]').send_keys('xiaochao11520')266 wait.click('xpath', '//a[@id="dologin"]')
BasePage.py-webdriver二次封装
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 12:284 @Auth : linux超5 @File : HomePage.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 from Page.BasePage importBasePage11
12
13 classHomePage(BasePage):14 #配置文件读取元素
15 homePage = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'homePage')16 mailList = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'mailList')17 applicationCenter = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'applicationCenter')18 inBox = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'inBox')19 '''首页菜单选项'''
20 def selectMenu(self, Menu='mailList'):21 """邮箱首页选择菜单"""
22 if Menu == 'mailList':23 self.click(*HomePage.mailList)24 elif Menu == 'homePage':25 self.click(*HomePage.homePage)26 elif Menu == 'applicationCenter':27 self.click(*HomePage.applicationCenter)28 elif Menu == 'inBox':29 self.click(*HomePage.inBox)30 else:31 raise ValueError('''
32 菜单选择错误!33 homePage->首页34 mailList->通讯录35 applicationCenter->应用中心36 inBox->收件箱''')37
38 if __name__=='__main__':39 from selenium importwebdriver40 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage importLoginPage41 driver =webdriver.Firefox()42 login =LoginPage(driver)43 login.login('账号', 'xiaochao11520')44
45 home =HomePage(driver)46 home.selectMenu()
HomePage.py-邮箱首页选择菜单
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 12:284 @Auth : linux超5 @File : LoginPage.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 from Page.BasePage importBasePage11
12
13 classLoginPage(BasePage):14
15 #配置文件读取元素
16 frame = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'frame')17 username = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'username')18 password = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'password')19 loginBtn = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'loginBtn')20 ferrorHead = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'ferrorHead') #登录失败提示
21
22 deflogin(self, userName, passWord):23 '''登录'''
24 print('-------staring login-------')25 self.loadUrl('https://mail.126.com')26 self.switchToFrame(*LoginPage.frame)27 self.clear(*LoginPage.username)28 self.sendKeys(*LoginPage.username, userName)29 self.clear(*LoginPage.password)30 self.sendKeys(*LoginPage.password, passWord)31 self.click(*LoginPage.loginBtn)32 self.switchToDefaultFrame()33 print('---------end login---------')34
35 #add at 2019/04/19
36 def assertTextEqString(self, expected, name =None):37 '''断言提示信息是否与期望的值相等'''
38 self.switchToFrame(*LoginPage.frame)39 text = self.getElementText(*LoginPage.ferrorHead, name)40 self.switchToDefaultFrame()41 print('info: assert "{}" == "{}"'.format(text, expected))42 assert text == expected, '{} ！= {}'.format(text, expected)43
44 if __name__=="__main__":45 from selenium importwebdriver46 driver =webdriver.Firefox()47 login = LoginPage(driver, 30)48 login.login('lin', '')49 login.assertTextEqString('请输入密码')
LoginPage.py-封装登录功能
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 12:294 @Auth : linux超5 @File : ContactPage.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 from Page.BasePage importBasePage11
12
13 classContactPage(BasePage):14 #配置文件读取元素
15 new_contact = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'new_contact')16 name = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'name')17 mail = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'mail')18 star = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'star')19 phone = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'phone')20 comment = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'comment')21 commit = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'commit')22 errortip = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'tooltip') #错误提示
23
24 defnewContact(self, Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment):25 """添加联系人"""
26 print('--------string add contact--------')27 self.click(*ContactPage.new_contact)28 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.name, Name)29 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.mail, Mail)30 if Star == '1':31 self.click(*ContactPage.star)32 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.phone, Phone)33 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.comment, Comment)34 self.click(*ContactPage.commit)35 print('--------end add contact--------')36
37 defassertErrorTip(self, excepted):38 """断言联系人添加失败时是否有提示信息"""
39 text = self.getElementText(*ContactPage.errortip)40 print('info: assert "{}"=="{}"'.format(text, excepted))41 assert text ==excepted42
43 if __name__ == '__main__':44 from selenium importwebdriver45 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage importLoginPage46 from Page.PageObject.HomePage importHomePage47 driver =webdriver.Firefox()48 home =HomePage(driver)49 login =LoginPage(driver)50 contact =ContactPage(driver)51
52 login.login('账号', 'xiaochao11520')53 home.selectMenu()54 contact.newContact('[email protected]')
ContactPage.py-封装添加联系人功能
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 9:164 @Auth : linux超5 @File : SendMailPage.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 from Page.BasePage importBasePage11
12
13 classSendMailPage(BasePage):14 #配置文件读取元素
15 writeMail = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'writeMail')16 addressee = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'addressee')17 subject = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'subject')18 iframe = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'iframe')19 text = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'text')20 sendBtn = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'sendBtn')21 expect = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'expect')22 uploadAttachment = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'uploadAttachment')23 delete = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'delete')24
25 def sendMail(self, Address, Subject, Text, PFA=''):26 """发送邮件功能"""
27 print('------------string send mail---------------------')28 self.click(*SendMailPage.writeMail)29 self.sendKeys(*SendMailPage.addressee, Address)30 self.sendKeys(*SendMailPage.subject, Subject)31 self.switchToFrame(*SendMailPage.iframe)32 self.sendKeys(*SendMailPage.text, Text)33 self.switchToDefaultFrame()34 ifPFA:35 self.click(*SendMailPage.uploadAttachment)36 self.ctrlV(PFA)37 self.enterKey()38 self.waitElementtobelocated(*SendMailPage.delete)39 self.click(*SendMailPage.sendBtn)40 print('------------end send mail---------------------')41
42 if __name__=='__main__':43 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage importLoginPage44 from selenium importwebdriver45 driver =webdriver.Firefox()46
47 login =LoginPage(driver)48 login.login('账号', 'xiaochao11520')49 sendMail =SendMailPage(driver)50 sendMail.sendMail('[email protected]', 'pytest', 'pytest实战实例', 1, 'D:\KeyWordDriverTestFrameWork\geckodriver.log')
SendMailPage.py-封装发送邮件功能
所有的准备工作都已经做好了，还有一个问题，我们的添加联系人和发送邮件应该是否应该在已经登录的前提下测试呢？答案是肯定的。所以我们在用例同目录下新建conftest.py文件并调用登录功能(为什么这么做，不明白的小伙伴可以去看一下我之前的文章，关于conftest.py的原理)
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 15:104 @Auth : linux超5 @File : conftest.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importpytest11 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage importLoginPage12
13
14 #从配置文件中获取正确的用户名和密码
15 userName = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'username')16 passWord = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'password')17 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')18 deflogin(driver):19 '''除登录用例，每一个用例的前置条件'''
20 print('------------staring login------------')21 loginFunc = LoginPage(driver, 30)22 loginFunc.login(userName, passWord)23 yield
24 print('------------end login------------')25 driver.delete_all_cookies()
conftest.py-同用例目录下，调用登录功能
ok，开始编写测试用例啦
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 14:104 @Auth : linux超5 @File : test_loginCase.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importpytest11 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage importLoginPage12
13
14 @pytest.mark.loginTest15 classTestLogin(object):16
17 #测试数据
18 loginSheet = LoginPage.getSheet('login')19 data =LoginPage.excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(loginSheet)20
21 #正确的帐号和密码
22 userName = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'username')23 passWord = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'password')24
25 @pytest.fixture()26 defteardown_func(self, driver):27 """
28 执行每个用例之后要清除一下cookie，29 否则你第一个账号登录之后，重新加载网址还是登录状态，无法测试后面的账号30 """
31 yield
32 driver.delete_all_cookies()33
34 @pytest.mark.parametrize('username, password, expect', data)35 deftest_login(self, teardown_func, driver, username, password, expect):36 """测试登录"""
37 login = LoginPage(driver, 30)38 login.login(username, password)39 login.sleep(5)40 #增加登录失败时， 对提示信息的验证
41 if username == TestLogin.userName and password ==TestLogin.passWord:42 login.assertValueInSource(expect)43 elif username == '':44 login.assertTextEqString(expect)45 elif username != '' and password == '':46 login.assertTextEqString(expect)47 elif username == '' and password == '':48 login.assertTextEqString(expect)49 else:50 login.assertTextEqString(expect)51
52
53 if __name__ == "__main__":54 pytest.main(['-v', 'test_loginCase.py'])
test_loginCase.py-登录功能测试
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 16:154 @Auth : linux超5 @File : test_contactCase.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importre11 importpytest12 from Page.PageObject.HomePage importHomePage13 from Page.PageObject.ContactPage importContactPage14
15
16 @pytest.mark.conatctTest17 classTestAddContact(object):18
19 #测试数据
20 contactSheet = ContactPage.getSheet('contact')21 data =ContactPage.excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(contactSheet)22
23 @pytest.mark.newcontact24 @pytest.mark.parametrize('Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment, expect', data)25 deftest_NewContact(self, driver, login, Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment, expect):26 """测试添加联系人"""
27 home_page =HomePage(driver)28 contact_page =ContactPage(driver)29 home_page.selectMenu()30 contact_page.newContact(Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment)31 home_page.sleep(5)32 #校验错误的邮箱是否提示信息正确
33 if re.match(r'^.{1,}@[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,13}\..*$', Mail):34 contact_page.assertValueInSource(expect)35 else:36 contact_page.assertErrorTip(expect)37
38 if __name__ == '__main__':39 pytest.main(['-v', 'test_contactCase.py'])
test_contactCase.py-添加联系人功能测试
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 10:044 @Auth : linux超5 @File : test_sendMailCase.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importpytest11 from Page.PageObject.SendMailPage importSendMailPage12
13 @pytest.mark.sendMailTest14 classTestSendMail(object):15
16 sendMailSheet = SendMailPage.getSheet('mail')17 data =SendMailPage.excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(sendMailSheet)18
19 @pytest.mark.sendmail20 @pytest.mark.parametrize('Address, Subject, Text, PFA', data)21 deftest_sendMail(self, driver, login, Address, Subject, Text,PFA):22 """测试发送邮件，包括带附件的邮件"""
23 send_mail =SendMailPage(driver)24 send_mail.sendMail(Address, Subject, Text, PFA)25 send_mail.sleep(5)26 assert send_mail.isElementExsit(*SendMailPage.expect)27
28 if __name__=='__main__':29 pytest.main(['-v', 'test_sendMailCase.py'])
test_sendMailCase.py-发送邮件功能测试
问题
用例已经写完了，有两个问题
1.有没有发现我们的报告怎么生成的？也没有失败用例截图？
2.我们貌似并没有编写驱动浏览器的代码？
现在我们来解决这个两个问题
根据pytest的conftest.py文件的原理，我们可以把驱动浏览器的代码写在一个全局的conftest.py文件里面。报告生成其实是通过命令 pytest --html=‘report.html’ --self-contained-html生成的，但是这样的报告对用例的描述不是很清晰，且没有对失败用例截图，也不方便我们分析项目的缺陷，我们也可以填写代码放到这个文件里面(关于报告修改的文章)
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/12 14:104 @Auth : linux超5 @File : conftest.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importpytest11 from selenium importwebdriver12 from py._xmlgen importhtml13
14 _driver =None15 #测试失败时添加截图和测试用例描述(用例的注释信息)
16
17 @pytest.mark.hookwrapper18 defpytest_runtest_makereport(item):19 """
20 当测试失败的时候，自动截图，展示到html报告中21 :param item:22 """
23 pytest_html = item.config.pluginmanager.getplugin('html')24 outcome = yield
25 report =outcome.get_result()26 extra = getattr(report, 'extra', [])27
28 if report.when == 'call' or report.when == "setup":29 xfail = hasattr(report, 'wasxfail')30 if (report.skipped and xfail) or (report.failed and notxfail):31 file_name = report.nodeid.replace("::", "_")+".png"
32 screen_img =_capture_screenshot()33 iffile_name:34 html = '
41
42 @pytest.mark.optionalhook43 defpytest_html_results_table_header(cells):44 cells.insert(1, html.th('Description'))45 cells.insert(2, html.th('Test_nodeid'))46 cells.pop(2)47
48
49 @pytest.mark.optionalhook50 defpytest_html_results_table_row(report, cells):51 cells.insert(1, html.td(report.description))52 cells.insert(2, html.td(report.nodeid))53 cells.pop(2)54
55
56 def_capture_screenshot():57 """
58 截图保存为base6459 :return:60 """
61 return_driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()62 #这里我设置的级别是模块级别，也就是每个测试文件运行一次
63 #可以设置为session，全部用例执行一次，但是针对126邮箱的话
64 #登录次数太多会叫你验证，如果验证就没法执行用例了，我没有对验证处理(处理比较复杂)
65
66
67 @pytest.fixture(scope='module')68 defdriver():69 global_driver70 print('------------open browser------------')71 _driver =webdriver.Firefox()72
73 yield_driver74 print('------------close browser------------')75 _driver.quit()
conftest.py-全局conftest.py文件
最后呢，为了减小项目维护成本，我们把一些全局的配置项，放到我们的功能配置文件中共全局使用，包括运行用例的一些命令字符串，可以自行修改
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/20 16:504 @Auth : linux超5 @File : conf.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 from datetime importdatetime11 importos12 #项目根目录
13 projectDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))14 #报告目录
15 reportDir = os.path.join(projectDir, 'report')16 #ui对象库config.ini文件所在目录
17 configDir = os.path.join(projectDir, 'config', 'config.ini')18 #测试数据所在目录
19 excelPath = os.path.join(projectDir, 'data', 'tcData.xlsx')20 #当前时间
21 currentTime = datetime.now().strftime('%H_%M_%S')22
23 #邮件配置信息
24 #邮件服务器
25 smtpServer = 'smtp.qq.com'
26 #发送者
27 fromUser = '账号@qq.com'
28 #发送者密码
29 fromPassWord = 'mhxvqpewblldbjhf'
30 #接收者
31 toUser = ['账号@qq.com']#可以同时发送给多人，追加到列表中
32 #邮件标题
33 subject = 'xx项目自动化测试报告'
34 #邮件正文
35 contents = '测试报告正文'
36 #报告名称
37 htmlName = r'{}\testReport{}.html'.format(reportDir, currentTime)38
39 #脚本执行命令
40 args = r'pytest --html=' + htmlName+ ' ' + '--self-contained-html'
41 #modify by linuxchao at 2019/4/25
42 args_login = r'pytest --html='+ htmlName+ ' ' + '-m' + ' ' + 'loginTest'+ '--self-contained-html'
43 args_contact = r'pytest --html='+ htmlName+ ' ' + '-m' + ' ' + 'contactTest'+ '--self-contained-html'
44 args_sendmail = r'pytest --html='+ htmlName+ ' ' + '-m' + ' ' + 'sendMailTest'+ '--self-contained-html'
conf.py-全局配置文件
运行项目
通过命令运行
1.cmd切换到项目的根目录，执行pytest --html=‘report.html’ --self-contained-html命令(此运行方式，无法发送测试报告邮件)
这种方式感觉有点low，我们换另外一种方式，可以通过os模块自动执行相关命令，编写运行用例代码
1 """
2 ------------------------------------3 @Time : 2019/4/15 16:144 @Auth : linux超5 @File : RunTestCase.py6 @IDE : PyCharm7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!8 ------------------------------------9 """
10 importsys11 sys.path.append('.')12 from config.conf import *
13 from util.sendMailForReprot importSendMailWithReport14
15
16 defmain():17 #判断项目的根目录是否在sys.path中，没有就添加
18 if projectDir not insys.path:19 sys.path.append(projectDir)20 #执行用例
21 os.system(args)22 #发送邮件
23 SendMailWithReport.send_mail(24 smtpServer, fromUser, fromPassWord,25 toUser, subject, contents,26 htmlName)27
28
29 if __name__ == '__main__':30 main()
RunTestCase.py-执行用例文件
我们可以直接执行这个文件执行所用的测试用例了！
其实我们运行用例往往不只是 使用pytest --html=‘report.html’ --self-contained-html 这样一个简单的命令运行，通常会添加很多的命令选项，比如-v,-q,-s等等，那么怎么办呢？这时候就用到了pytest.ini配置文件了
1 [pytest]2 addopts=-vqs3 testpaths=./TestCases4 markers=
5 loginTest: Run login test cases6 contactTest: Run add contact test cases7 sendMailTest: Run send mail test cases
pytest.ini-pytest配置文件
测试输出
1.自动生成html格式报告，其中报告里面附带用例执行日志明细，及用例失败自动截图(部分报告展示)
2.自动发送测试邮件给指定用户