U-boot(一):uboot基础

        本文主要基于S5PV210探讨uboot的命令，tftp服务器搭建，uboot的源码树分析和编译。

uboot
        部署：uboot(180~400K的裸机程序)在Flash(可上电读取)、OS在FLash(nand)
        启动过程：上电后先执行uboot、uboot初始化DDR和Flash,将OS从Flash中读到DDR中启动OS,uboot结束
        特点：开机直接启动,引导操作系统内核启动并给内核传参

        uboot对Flash和DDR管理:uboot在Flash起始地址(扇区0/1,SoC决定,大小512KB/1MB),环境变量大小32KB左右,kernel大小3MB/5MB,rootfs大小2/3G,其余为自由分区,各分区紧挨排布,不堆叠

tftp服务器搭建

        预备：

                windows10

                unbuntu14.04

                S5PV210开发板

        网络配置:

               windows10配置:以太网配置IP：192.168.100.99,255.255.255.0,192.168.100.1

                ubuntu配置：NAT网卡连接网络，桥接网卡(网络模式选择以太网对应模式)：192.168.100.100,255.255.255.0,192.168.100.1

                uboot(已烧录ubbot到210的sd卡)

set ipaddr    192.168.100.27

set gatewayip 192.168.100.1

set serverip  192.168.100.100

save

         uboot的IP配置及网络测试

   

           ubuntu部署tftp

apt-get install tftp-hpa tftpd-hpa xinetd -y

vim /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/root/tftp_file"
TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="-l -c -s"


vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

service tftp
{
	socket_type = dgram
	wait = yes
	disable = no
	user = root
	protocol = udp
	server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
	server_args = -s /root/tftp_file
	#log_on_success += PID HOST DURATION
	#log_on_failure += HOST
	per_source = 11
	cps =100 2
	flags =IPv4
}


service tftpd-hpa start


mkdir /root/tftp_file

chmod 777 /root/tftp_file

测试

cd ~

touch /root/tftp_file/a.txt

tftp 127.0.0.1

get a.txt

quit

ls /root/a.txt

root目录下有下载完成的a.txt(来自/root/tftp_file)

          tftp测试

ububtu:上传zImage到/root/tftp_file

uboot:
    
    tftp 30008000 zImage

    movi read kernel 30008000

    bootm 30008000

      

uboot命令
        基础
                bdinfo:查看开发板基础信息             

x210 # bdinfo
arch_number = 0x00000998
env_t       = 0x00000000
boot_params = 0x30000100
DRAM bank   = 0x00000000
-> start    = 0x30000000
-> size     = 0x10000000
DRAM bank   = 0x00000001
-> start    = 0x40000000
-> size     = 0x10000000
ethaddr     = 00:40:5C:26:0A:5B
ip_addr     = 192.168.1.88
baudrate    = 115200 bps

                version:查看uboot版本

x210 # version

U-Boot 1.3.4-dirty (May 21 2016 - 18:17:00) for x210

                print/printenv:打印环境变量
                set/setenv:设置（删除）环境变量
                save/saveenv:保存环境变量
                reset:重启
                poweroff:关机
                注意：设置和打印和删除的环境变量均为uboot启动时从flash中读到DDR中的环境变量,save可将set设置的命令同步到flash中

        ddr
                md:打印内存值
                md [.b, .w, .l] address [# of objects]
                b:byte(1字节)，w:word（2字节）,l:long(4字节)
                address:起始地址，后跟字节长度
        

x210 # help md
md [.b, .w, .l] address [# of objects]
          - memory display

x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: f2 28 3e 74 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    .(>t..4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.
x210 # md.w 30000000
30000000: 28f2 743e cc83 9a34 9aae a298 d7c6 9b49    .(>t..4.......I.
30000010: abff b1bb fadb 3c55 ff9f f4ff be7e d1ff    ......U<....~...
30000020: fcf3 d73f fffe e2fe b79f ebde ff9f efae    ..?.............
30000030: f58e e7de f93d e27c f86e f81f eddc fd7e    ....=.|.n.....~.
30000040: afbf fb93 7d6d 41ef febf edd8 6ffb 4bee    ....m}.A.....o.K
30000050: c259 79ed dd59 ae78 c718 cdca 2f49 fcea    Y..yY.x.....I/..
30000060: fdb5 8e6a 3def e3be 6eab feed def7 eeab    ..j..=...n......
30000070: f6f1 f6be 0935 59bd f0ff eab6 0f9b dc5b    ....5..Y......[.
x210 # md.l 30000000
30000000: 743e28f2 9a34cc83 a2989aae 9b49d7c6    .(>t..4.......I.
30000010: b1bbabff 3c55fadb f4ffff9f d1ffbe7e    ......U<....~...
30000020: d73ffcf3 e2fefffe ebdeb79f efaeff9f    ..?.............
30000030: e7def58e e27cf93d f81ff86e fd7eeddc    ....=.|.n.....~.
30000040: fb93afbf 41ef7d6d edd8febf 4bee6ffb    ....m}.A.....o.K
30000050: 79edc259 ae78dd59 cdcac718 fcea2f49    Y..yY.x.....I/..
30000060: 8e6afdb5 e3be3def feed6eab eeabdef7    ..j..=...n......
30000070: f6bef6f1 59bd0935 eab6f0ff dc5b0f9b    ....5..Y......[.
30000080: 1141df55 9f98bd6a e3d83e9e 39fcabf5    U.A.j....>.....9
30000090: ac479f9a dca771e2 6b61c763 cec95d3d    ..G..q..c.ak=]..
300000a0: a4c8ceff ffbbebaa ea22aebf fa8ecf9e    ..........".....
300000b0: ed7bfffe a1277d2b f4b4ff56 cb81deff    ..{.+}'.V.......
300000c0: d59d27e4 af0d3eed beed2ebf b399b789    .'...>..........
300000d0: 5cd5bd57 ffa8bef9 b52cf9a9 ede94ff6    W..\......,..O..
300000e0: 3eedc9f7 9ecab7ff 6a0bf777 6b1b46f9    ...>....w..j.F.k
300000f0: 73e639bb 255a8ccf 2ebfb8cb 7a3a5d37    .9.s..Z%....7]:z
x210 # 

                nm：修改指定内存地址的数据
                nm [.b, .w, .l] address

x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: f2 28 3e 74 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    .(>t..4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.
x210 # nm.b 30000000
30000000: f2 ? 11
30000000: 11 ? q
x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: 11 28 3e 74 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    .(>t..4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.

                mm:递归修改指定内存地址的数据
                mm [.b, .w, .l] address
       

x210 # mm.b 30000000
30000000: 11 ? f2
30000001: 28 ? 11
30000002: 3e ? q
x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: f2 11 3e 74 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    ..>t..4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.

                mw:指定的数据填充内存
                mw [.b, .w, .l] address value [count]
                value:数据 count:数据的长度

x210 # mw.b 30000000 668899 2
x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: 99 99 3e 74 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    ..>t..4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.
x210 # mw.b 30000000 668899 4
x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: 99 99 99 99 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    ......4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.
x210 # 

 
                cp将原地址数据复制到目标地址
                cp [.b, .w, .l] source target count

x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: 99 99 99 99 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    ......4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.
x210 #  md.b 30008000
30008000: f2 28 7f f7 9f ef ff ba bf ba f8 eb d6 f7 ba ff    .(..............
30008010: ff ab f3 e3 db fa 4d 3e df df c6 f6 be ab ee f9    ......M>........
30008020: f7 fc bf ff 7f ff bf e3 bf 9f df ef 97 ff ee e3    ................
30008030: 8e f5 de ef 39 f9 fe e7 ff ff ff fa ff ff ff fb    ....9...........
x210 # cp.b  30000000 30008000 4    
x210 # md.b 30008000
30008000: 99 99 99 99 9f ef ff ba bf ba f8 eb d6 f7 ba ff    ................
30008010: ff ab f3 e3 db fa 4d 3e df df c6 f6 be ab ee f9    ......M>........
30008020: f7 fc bf ff 7f ff bf e3 bf 9f df ef 97 ff ee e3    ................
30008030: 8e f5 de ef 39 f9 fe e7 ff ff ff fa ff ff ff fb    ....9...........

                cmp:比较两个地址段数据
                cmp [.b, .w, .l] addr1 addr2 count

x210 # md.b 30000000
30000000: 99 99 99 99 83 cc 34 9a ae 9a 98 a2 c6 d7 49 9b    ......4.......I.
30000010: ff ab bb b1 db fa 55 3c 9f ff ff f4 7e be ff d1    ......U<....~...
30000020: f3 fc 3f d7 fe ff fe e2 9f b7 de eb 9f ff ae ef    ..?.............
30000030: 8e f5 de e7 3d f9 7c e2 6e f8 1f f8 dc ed 7e fd    ....=.|.n.....~.
x210 # md.b 30008000
30008000: 99 99 99 99 9f ef ff ba bf ba f8 eb d6 f7 ba ff    ................
30008010: ff ab f3 e3 db fa 4d 3e df df c6 f6 be ab ee f9    ......M>........
30008020: f7 fc bf ff 7f ff bf e3 bf 9f df ef 97 ff ee e3    ................
30008030: 8e f5 de ef 39 f9 fe e7 ff ff ff fa ff ff ff fb    ....9...........
x210 # md.b 30009000
30009000: 5e f3 dd ff d7 f9 db e5 dc 9f df e7 f3 73 fd f4    ^............s..
30009010: 3c ff b6 ef c7 f5 bf f4 6f fd a6 f7 ff f2 a5 f7    <.......o.......
30009020: f7 ff ff ff f6 d7 e9 f3 cf 3f b3 ef ff 7f fc e1    .........?......
30009030: dc fd 77 f3 cd ff fd fb ed 93 ff ef 3f ff fe ec    ..w.........?...
x210 # cmp.b 30000000 30008000 1
Total of 1 byte were the same
x210 # cmp.b 30000000 30009000 1
byte at 0x30000000 (0x99) != byte at 0x30009000 (0x5e)
Total of 0 bytes were the same
x210 # 

        网络
                ipaddr:地址
                serverip：tftp服务器地址
                dhcp:自动获取地址
                ping:查看网络

        启动
                boot：读取环境变量bootcmd启动Linux
                bootz：启动 zImage 
                bootm： 启动 uImage 
                Image为内核映像文件
                zImage为映像压缩文件
                uImage是uboot映像文件，在zImage前加上64字节头，说明内核的版本、加载位置、生成时间、大小等信息

        flash
                nand scrub：擦除整个NAND,擦除bad block标记
                nand erase addr1 count：擦除NAND,count擦除字节数
                nand write addr offset count：内存数据写入NAND,offset是偏移地址
                nand read addr offset count ：NAND数据读取到内存
                nand bad：测试NAND FLASH坏块    

                mmc info 设备的信息

x210 # mmcinfo
Device: S3C_HSMMC0
Manufacturer ID: 11
RCA: 0
OEM: 100
Name: 004GA 
Tran Speed: 52000000
Rd Block Len: 512
MMC version 4.0
High Capacity: Yes
Size: 3776MB (block: 7733248)
Bus Width: 4-bit

                mmc rescan [mode] 扫描开发板上MMC设备,包括EMMC和SD卡
                mmc list 查看开发板MMC设备

x210 # mmc list
S3C_HSMMC0_dev0
S3C_HSMMC2_dev1

                mmc dev 切换当前MMC设备：mmc dev [dev] [part]
                [dev]切换MMC设备号，[part]分区号
                mmc part查看分区
                mmc read 读取mmc设备数据 

                movi init  初始化moviNAND并显示信息
                movi read  {u-boot | kernel} {addr} [bytes(hex)] 读取某地址sd/mmc信息
                movi write {fwbl1 | u-boot | kernel} {addr} [bytes(hex)]写入数据sd/mmc的某地址

uboot源码树

        api：硬件功能函数API
        api_examples：硬件功能函数API示例代码
        board：开发板相关,部分依据厂商名分类,部分依据芯片型号分类
        common：cmd和env相关及控制台、crc校验等
        cpu：架构相关(arch目录)
        doc:说明文档
        drivers：驱动代码
        examples：示例代码
        fs：文件系统
        include:头文件
        lib相关：库文件,lib_arm是arm架构库文件,lib_generic是通用库文件
        libfdt:设备树
        nand_spl:nand相关
        net:网络相关
        onenand:onenand相关
        post:上电自检程序
        sd_fusing:烧录uboot到SD卡的代码
        tools:工具
        Makefile：uboot源代码的主Makefile(主要)
        arm_config.mk:arm架构编译的makefile

PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -DCONFIG_ARM -D__ARM__

        config.mk：配置相关的Makefile
        rules.mk：uboot的Makefile使用规则

_depend:	$(obj).depend

$(obj).depend:	$(src)Makefile $(TOPDIR)/config.mk $(SRCS)
		@rm -f $@
		@for f in $(SRCS); do \
			g=`basename $$f | sed -e 's/\(.*\)\.\w/\1.o/'`; \
			$(CC) -M $(HOST_CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -MQ $(obj)$$g $$f >> $@ ; \
		done

        mkconfig：uboot配置阶段开发板类型配置(主要)
        mk：编译脚本

#!/bin/sh
make distclean
make x210_sd_config
make -j4

        MAKEALL：协助编译uboot的脚本
        image_split：分割uboot.bin到BL1的脚本

split -b 8064 u-boot.bin bl2.bin

        mkmovi：iNand/SD卡启动有关
        Changelog文：版本修改记录
        gitignore：git工具文件

git ls-files -i --exclude-standard

        COPYING:GPL许可版权声明
        MAINTAINERS：维护者
        CREDITS：鸣谢
        README：导读

 

编译uboot 

 

        基于210官方的qt包中的uboot包编译烧录

解压包

tar -jxvf qt_x210v3s_160307.tar.bz2  -C qt_x210v3s_160307

cd qt_x210v3s_160307/uboot


配置编译工具链(配置自己的工具链路径)

vim Makefile 

#CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
#CROSS_COMPILE = /usr/local/arm/4.4.1-eabi-cortex-a8/usr/bin/arm-linux-
#CROSS_COMPILE = /usr/local/arm/4.2.2-eabi/usr/bin/arm-linux-
#CROSS_COMPILE = /usr/local/arm/arm-2009q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
CROSS_COMPILE = /root/arm-2009q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

#############方式（1）##############

生成开发板配置

make x210_sd_config

编译

make -j4

生成u-boot.bin可用于烧录

############方式（2）###############

./mk

生成u-boot.bin可用于烧录