【Linux】Alibaba Cloud Linux 3 中第二硬盘、MySQL8.*、MySQL7.*、Redis、Nginx、Java 系统安装
一、操作系统说明
兼容CentOS/RHEL生态，CentOS/RHEL中的大多数软件无需或仅需少量改造即可在Alibaba Cloud Linux中运行。
- Alibaba Cloud Linux 3基于Anolis OS 8打造，兼容CentOS 8、RHEL 8生态。
- Alibaba Cloud Linux 2基于Aonlis OS 7打造，兼容CentOS 7、RHEL 7生态
安装系统为：Alibaba Cloud Linux 3
二、安装第二硬盘
1. 查看机器情况
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 40G 0 part /
vdb 253:16 0 500G 0 disk
2.硬盘分区
使用fdisk分区
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# fdisk vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
fdisk: cannot open vdb: No such file or directory
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x591cb8fe.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 500 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
3. 格式化已经分好区的硬盘
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6f37da4d
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1 * 2048 83886046 83883999 40G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x591cb8fe
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1 2048 1048575999 1048573952 500G 83 Linux
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 131071744 4k blocks and 32768000 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 7cb056cd-3501-4bdb-89be-d41f8d526d2f
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
4. 挂载到系统中
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# mkdir /data
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# ls
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]#
/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
安装Redis
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum install -y redis-6.0.5
Last metadata expiration check: 2:55:29 ago on Tue 20 Sep 2022 07:28:01 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===============================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
redis x86_64 6.0.5-1.11.al8 alinux3-updates 1.2 M
Installing dependencies:
daxctl-libs x86_64 71.1-3.al8 alinux3-updates 42 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Total download size: 1.3 M
Installed size: 4.4 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64.rpm 433 kB/s | 42 kB 00:00
(2/2): redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64.rpm 2.7 MB/s | 1.2 MB 00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.8 MB/s | 1.3 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64 2/2
Installing : redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64 redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# systemctl start redis
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# ps -ef |grep redis
redis 16519 1 0 22:28 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
root 16524 5124 0 22:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto redis
安装 Java
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum list installed |grep java
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum -y list java*
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-alibaba-dragonwell.x86_64
安装 MySQL 8.0
https://blog.csdn.net/zhouweijia777/article/details/126526034
1. 查找可MySQL版本
yum -y list mysql*
Last metadata expiration check: 0:51:25 ago on Sun 02 Oct 2022 03:26:40 PM CST.
Installed Packages
mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 @mysql57-community
mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 @mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 @mysql57-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 @mysql57-community
mysql57-community-release.noarch el7-8 @System
Available Packages
MySQL-zrm.noarch 3.0-23.el8 epel
mysql.x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-common.x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-community-client.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-common.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-devel.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-release.noarch el7-5 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-community-release.noarch el7-5 mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-community-test.x86_64 5.7.39-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-connector-c++.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-c++-devel.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-c++-jdbc.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-odbc-setup.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-python.noarch 2.0.4-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-python.x86_64 8.0.23-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-python-cext.x86_64 8.0.21-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-python3.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-connector-python3-cext.x86_64 8.0.21-1.el7 mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-devel.x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-errmsg.x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-libs.x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-mmm.noarch 2.2.1-25.el8 epel
mysql-mmm-agent.noarch 2.2.1-25.el8 epel
mysql-mmm-monitor.noarch 2.2.1-25.el8 epel
mysql-mmm-tools.noarch 2.2.1-25.el8 epel
mysql-ref-manual-5.5-en-html-chapter.noarch 1-20170320 mysql57-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.5-en-pdf.noarch 1-20170320 mysql57-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.7-en-html-chapter.noarch 1-20220613 mysql57-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.7-en-pdf.noarch 1-20220613 mysql57-community
mysql-router.x86_64 8.0.12-1.el7 mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-router-community.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-selinux.noarch 1.0.5-1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-server.x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-shell.x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-test.x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates
mysql-utilities.noarch 1.6.5-1.el7 mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-utilities-extra.noarch 1.5.6-1.el7 mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysql-workbench-community.x86_64 8.0.22-1.el7 mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
mysqltuner.noarch 1.8.3-1.git.1333ea9.el8 epel
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD giteeMicroCommunityWeb]#
2. 安装MySQL
yum install -y mysql-server.x86_64
Last metadata expiration check: 1:34:25 ago on Wed 21 Sep 2022 06:42:39 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-server x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates 28 M
Installing dependencies:
checkpolicy x86_64 2.9-1.2.al8 alinux3-os 348 k
libaio x86_64 0.3.112-1.2.al8 alinux3-os 33 k
mecab x86_64 0.996-1.2.al8.9 alinux3-os 387 k
mysql x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates 13 M
mysql-errmsg x86_64 8.0.26-1.1.al8 alinux3-updates 598 k
policycoreutils-python-utils noarch 2.9-14.1.al8 alinux3-updates 252 k
protobuf-lite x86_64 3.5.0-13.1.al8 alinux3-os 154 k
python3-audit x86_64 3.0.7-2.al8.2 alinux3-updates 86 k
python3-libsemanage x86_64 2.9-6.1.al8 alinux3-updates 127 k
python3-policycoreutils noarch 2.9-14.1.al8 alinux3-updates 2.2 M
python3-setools x86_64 4.3.0-3.al8 alinux3-updates 651 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================
Install 12 Packages
Total download size: 46 M
Installed size: 209 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/12): libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64.rpm 346 kB/s | 33 kB 00:00
(2/12): checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64.rpm 2.0 MB/s | 348 kB 00:00
(3/12): protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64.rpm 1.4 MB/s | 154 kB 00:00
(4/12): mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64.rpm 5.5 MB/s | 598 kB 00:00
(5/12): mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64.rpm 889 kB/s | 387 kB 00:00
(6/12): mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64.rpm 36 MB/s | 13 MB 00:00
(7/12): python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 86 kB 00:00
(8/12): policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch 1.3 MB/s | 252 kB 00:00
(9/12): python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64.rpm 2.3 MB/s | 127 kB 00:00
(10/12): python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64.rpm 14 MB/s | 651 kB 00:00
(11/12): mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64.rpm 43 MB/s | 28 MB 00:00
(12/12): python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch.rpm 3.3 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 36 MB/s | 46 MB 00:01
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64 1/12
Installing : python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64 2/12
Installing : python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64 3/12
Installing : mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 4/12
Installing : mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 5/12
Installing : protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64 6/12
Installing : mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64 7/12
Running scriptlet: mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64 7/12
Installing : libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64 8/12
Installing : checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64 9/12
Installing : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch 10/12
Installing : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch 11/12
Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 12/12
Installing : mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 12/12
Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 12/12
ValueError: File context for /var/log/mysql(/.*)? already defined
Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 12/12
Verifying : checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64 1/12
Verifying : libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64 2/12
Verifying : mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64 3/12
Verifying : protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64 4/12
Verifying : mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 5/12
Verifying : mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 6/12
Verifying : mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 7/12
Verifying : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch 8/12
Verifying : python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64 9/12
Verifying : python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64 10/12
Verifying : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch 11/12
Verifying : python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64 12/12
Installed:
checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64 libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64
mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64 mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64
mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64 mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64
policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64
python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64 python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64
python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64
Complete!
3. 启动MySQL
systemctl enable --now mysqld
#设置自动启动MySQL
systemctl enable mysqld
#启动MySQL
systemctl start mysqld
安装MySql 5.7
1. 官网：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD data]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.jTMWaN: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql57-community-release-el7-8 ################################# [100%]
2. 查看5.7版本是否已经启用
[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD data]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD MySQL Connectors Community enabled
mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD-source MySQL Connectors Community - Source disabled
mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD MySQL Tools Community enabled
mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD-source MySQL Tools Community - Source disabled
mysql-tools-preview MySQL Tools Preview disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source disabled
mysql55-community MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Source disabled
mysql56-community MySQL 5.6 Community Server disabled
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Source disabled
mysql57-community MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Source disabled
3. 安装MySQL
yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck
4. 修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf
根据配置文件修改相应的文件和目录
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
#symbolic-links=0
#log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# MySql5.7配置文件my.ini设置
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
###############################基础设置#####################################
#Mysql服务的唯一编号 每个mysql服务Id需唯一
server-id = 1
#服务端口号 默认3306
port = 3306
#mysql安装根目录
#basedir = /opt/mysql
#mysql数据文件所在位置
datadir = /data/mysql
#临时目录 比如load data infile会用到
tmpdir = /tmp
#设置socke文件所在目录
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#主要用于MyISAM存储引擎,如果多台服务器连接一个数据库则建议注释下面内容
skip-external-locking
#只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名
skip_name_resolve = 1
#数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号（特殊表情符占用4个字节）
character-set-server = utf8mb4
#数据库字符集对应一些排序等规则，注意要和character-set-server对应
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
#设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
#是否对sql语句大小写敏感，1表示不敏感
lower_case_table_names = 1
#最大连接数
max_connections = 400
#最大错误连接数
max_connect_errors = 1000
#TIMESTAMP如果没有显示声明NOT NULL，允许NULL值
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
#SQL数据包发送的大小，如果有BLOB对象建议修改成1G
max_allowed_packet = 128M
#MySQL连接闲置超过一定时间后(单位：秒)将会被强行关闭
#MySQL默认的wait_timeout 值为8个小时, interactive_timeout参数需要同时配置才能生效
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
#内部内存临时表的最大值 ，设置成128M。
#比如大数据量的group by ,order by时可能用到临时表，
#超过了这个值将写入磁盘，系统IO压力增大
tmp_table_size = 134217728
max_heap_table_size = 134217728
##----------------------------用户进程分配到的内存设置BEGIN-----------------------------##
##每个session将会分配参数设置的内存大小
#用于表的顺序扫描，读出的数据暂存于read_buffer_size中，当buff满时或读完，将数据返回上层调用者
#一般在128kb ~ 256kb,用于MyISAM
#read_buffer_size = 131072
#用于表的随机读取，当按照一个非索引字段排序读取时会用到，
#一般在128kb ~ 256kb,用于MyISAM
#read_rnd_buffer_size = 262144
#order by或group by时用到
#建议先调整为2M，后期观察调整
sort_buffer_size = 2097152
#一般数据库中没什么大的事务，设成1~2M，默认32kb
binlog_cache_size = 524288
############################日 志 设置##########################################
#数据库错误日志文件
log_error = /data/mysql/error.log
#慢查询sql日志设置
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/slow.log
#检查未使用到索引的sql
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
#针对log_queries_not_using_indexes开启后，记录慢sql的频次、每分钟记录的条数
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5
#作为从库时生效,从库复制中如何有慢sql也将被记录
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
#慢查询执行的秒数，必须达到此值可被记录
long_query_time = 2
#检索的行数必须达到此值才可被记为慢查询
min_examined_row_limit = 100
#mysql binlog日志文件保存的过期时间，过期后自动删除
expire_logs_days = 5
############################主从复制 设置########################################
#开启mysql binlog功能
log-bin=mysql-bin
#binlog记录内容的方式，记录被操作的每一行
binlog_format = ROW
#作为从库时生效,想进行级联复制，则需要此参数
log_slave_updates
#作为从库时生效,中继日志relay-log可以自我修复
relay_log_recovery = 1
#作为从库时生效,主从复制时忽略的错误
slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
##---redo log和binlog的关系设置BEGIN---##
#(步骤1) prepare dml相关的SQL操作，然后将redo log buff中的缓存持久化到磁盘
#(步骤2)如果前面prepare成功，那么再继续将事务日志持久化到binlog
#(步骤3)如果前面成功，那么在redo log里面写上一个commit记录
#当innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit和sync_binlog都为1时是最安全的，
#在mysqld服务崩溃或者服务器主机crash的情况下，binary log只有可能丢失最多一个语句或者一个事务。
#但是都设置为1时会导致频繁的io操作，因此该模式也是最慢的一种方式。
#当innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit设置为0，mysqld进程的崩溃会导致上一秒钟所有事务数据的丢失。
#当innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit设置为2，只有在操作系统崩溃或者系统掉电的情况下，上一秒钟所有事务数据才可能丢失。
#commit事务时,控制redo log buff持久化磁盘的模式 默认为1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
#commit事务时,控制写入mysql binlog日志的模式 默认为 0
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit和sync_binlog都为1时，mysql最为安全但性能上压力也是最大
sync_binlog = 1
##---redo log 和 binlog的关系设置END---##
############################Innodb设置##########################################
#数据块的单位8k，默认是16k，16kCPU压力稍小，8k对select的吞吐量大
#innodb_page_size的参数值也影响最大索引长度，8k比16k的最大索引长度小
#innodb_page_size = 8192
#一般设置物理存储的60% ~ 70%
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
#5.7.6之后默认16M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
#该参数针对unix、linux，window上直接注释该参数.默认值为NULL
#O_DIRECT减少操作系统级别VFS的缓存和Innodb本身的buffer缓存之间的冲突
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
#此格式支持压缩, 5.7.7之后为默认值
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
#CPU多核处理能力设置，假设CPU是2颗4核的，设置如下
#读多，写少可以设成2:6的比例
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
#提高刷新脏页数量和合并插入数量，改善磁盘I/O处理能力
#默认值200（单位：页）
#可根据磁盘近期的IOPS确定该值
innodb_io_capacity = 500
#为了获取被锁定的资源最大等待时间，默认50秒，超过该时间会报如下错误:
# ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30
#调整buffer pool中最近使用的页读取并dump的百分比,通过设置该参数可以减少转储的page数
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
#设置redoLog文件所在目录, redoLog记录事务具体操作内容
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/
#设置undoLog文件所在目录, undoLog用于事务回滚操作
innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysql/
#在innodb_log_group_home_dir中的redoLog文件数, redoLog文件内容是循环覆盖写入。
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
#MySql5.7官方建议尽量设置的大些，可以接近innodb_buffer_pool_size的大小
#之前设置该值较大时可能导致mysql宕机恢复时间过长，现在恢复已经加快很多了
#该值减少脏数据刷新到磁盘的频次
#最大值innodb_log_file_size * innodb_log_files_in_group <= 512GB,单文件<=256GB
innodb_log_file_size = 1024M
#设置undoLog文件所占空间可以回收
#5.7之前的MySql的undoLog文件一直增大无法回收
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
innodb_undo_logs = 128
#5.7.7默认开启该参数 控制单列索引长度最大达到3072
#innodb_large_prefix = 1
#5.7.8默认为4个, Inodb后台清理工作的线程数
#innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_file_per_table=1
#通过设置配置参数innodb_thread_concurrency来限制并发线程的数量，
#一旦执行线程的数量达到这个限制，额外的线程在被放置到对队列中之前，会睡眠数微秒，
#可以通过设定参数innodb_thread_sleep_delay来配置睡眠时间
#该值默认为0,在官方doc上，对于innodb_thread_concurrency的使用，也给出了一些建议:
#(1)如果一个工作负载中，并发用户线程的数量小于64，建议设置innodb_thread_concurrency=0；
#(2)如果工作负载一直较为严重甚至偶尔达到顶峰，建议先设置innodb_thread_concurrency=128,
###并通过不断的降低这个参数，96, 80, 64等等，直到发现能够提供最佳性能的线程数
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
############################其他内容 设置##########################################
#屏蔽ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY 否则报错
#sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 256k
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
#增加每个进程的可打开文件数量.
open-files-limit = 28192
5. 启动MySQL
#启动MySQL
systemctl start mysqld
#自动启动MySQL
systemctl enable mysqld
6.设置密码
grep "temporary password" /data/mysql/error.log
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('你的新密码');
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword'
SSH 端口号修改
1. 修改配置文件
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
2、重启ssh：
systemctl restart sshd
3、查看ssh端口
netstat -ntlp
安装 Nginx
1. 查看Nginx是否配置成功
#yum list nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00
nginx/primary_db | 36 kB 00:00
Available Packages
nginx.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
#yum list |grep nginx
[root@MiWiFi-R1D yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep nginx
nginx.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-debug.x86_64 1.8.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-debuginfo.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-geoip.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-njs.x86_64 1.14.0.0.2.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64 1.14.0.0.2.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-perl.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-xslt.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx nginx
nginx-nr-agent.noarch 2.0.0-12.el6.ngx nginx
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 3.10.9-9.el6 base
2. 安装
直接安装nginx
#yum -y install nginx
3. 开机启动设置
#systemctl enable nginx
#systemctl daemon-reload
4.添加www用户
#adduser www
#passwd www
[root@MiWiFi-R1D nginx]# passwd www
Changing password for user www.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
5. 修改Nginx用户为www
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user www;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /data/www/logs/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /data/www/logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 4096;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
#Gzip Compression
gzip on;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_types
text/xml application/xml application/atom+xml application/rss+xml application/xhtml+xml image/svg+xml
text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript
text/x-json application/json application/x-web-app-manifest+json
text/css text/plain text/x-component
font/opentype application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobject
image/x-icon;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
# disable IP access to the web.
# server {
# listen 80 default;
# server_name _;
# return 500;
# }
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
6.修改相应的Nginx目录权限
cd /var/cache/nginx
chown www.root -R *
7.新启动Nginx
systemctl stop nginx
systemctl restart nginx