PyQt6/PySide6：账本项目前端制作【附完整项目地址】

0. 前言

最近在家里闲着没事，正好又看到朋友@studentWheat发了篇用Tkinter做的账本，于是决定跟他一起改进这个程序。

屏幕截图：

1. 后端

后端主要是朋友做的，在这里就不多说了，放个代码：
src/api.py

from collections import defaultdict

class ApiError(RuntimeError):
    pass

def openFile(filename):
    '''
    Open file.
    File format: 4 lines per record for date, event type, money delta, and note.
    Such as:
    (file.example, encoding=utf-8)
      (Record 1)
        (ln 1) date1
        (ln 2) event_type1
        (ln 3) money_delta1
        (ln 4) note1
      (Record 2)
        (ln 5) date2
        (ln 6) event_type2
        (ln 7) money_delta2
        (ln 8) note2
    @param filename: File name.
    Returns: data in the format [[date1, event_type1, money_delta1, note1], ...]
    '''
    with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        res = []
        while date := f.readline():
            if (etype := f.readline()) and (mdelta := f.readline()) and (note := f.readline()):
                res.append([date.rstrip('\n'), etype.rstrip('\n'), mdelta.rstrip('\n'), note.rstrip('\n')])
            else:
                raise ApiError('Unexpected EOF at ' + filename)
        return res

def saveFile(filename, data): # Save
    '''
    Save with the same format mentioned in openFile().
    @param filename: File name.
    @param data: Data with the same format returned in openFile().
    '''
    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for line in data:
            print(*line, sep='\n', file=f)

def query(data, key):
    return [record for record in data if any(key in x for x in record)] if key else data

def total(data):
    in_total = out_total = 0
    for _, _, mdelta, _ in data:
        mdelta = int(mdelta)
        if mdelta < 0:
            out_total -= mdelta
        else:
            in_total += mdelta
    return in_total, out_total

def totalByEvent(data):
    cnt = defaultdict(lambda: [0, 0])
    for _, event, mdelta, _ in data:
        mdelta = int(mdelta)
        if mdelta < 0:
            cnt[event][1] -= mdelta
        else:
            cnt[event][0] += mdelta
    return cnt

def totalByDate(data):
    cnt = defaultdict(lambda: [0, 0])
    for date, _, mdelta, _ in data:
        mdelta = int(mdelta)
        if mdelta < 0:
            cnt[date][1] -= mdelta
        else:
            cnt[date][0] += mdelta
    return cnt

详见https://blog.csdn.net/qq_67190987/article/details/125918530。

2. 前端

正如标题中所说，框架采用Qt6+Python，一般有两种选择（PyQt6和PySide6），我这里使用的是PySide6。

2.1 准备资源

在src/icons下存好所有图片资源：

2.2 Designer 窗口绘制

用Qt Designer绘制好各个窗口，如图:

2.3 安装依赖项

准备一份requirements.txt，内容如下：

PySide6>=6.3.1

然后，cmd中输入：

pip install -r requirements.txt

搞定安装。

2.4 编译资源和UI

这个就不用多说了，直接用pyside6-uic和pyside6-rcc命令编译文件，编译出的文件列表如下：

AccountBook
└─src
    │  dlgAdd.ui
    │  dlgCharts.ui
    │  MainWindow.ui
    │  res.qrc
    │  res_rc.py
    │  ui_dlgAdd.py
    │  ui_dlgCharts.py
    │  ui_dlgHelp.py
    │  ui_MainWindow.py

2.5 代码编写

src/dlgAdd.py
“添加账目”窗口，一个简单的QDialog实例。

from PySide6.QtWidgets import *
from PySide6.QtCore import QDate, QRegularExpression
from PySide6.QtGui import QRegularExpressionValidator
from ui_dlgAdd import Ui_Dialog

class dlgAdd(QDialog):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.ui = Ui_Dialog()
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        self.ui.dateEdit.setDate(QDate.currentDate())
        self.ui.moneyEdit.setValidator(QRegularExpressionValidator(QRegularExpression(r'(\+|\-)[1-9]+[0-9]*')))
        self.ui.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Ok).setText('确定')
        self.ui.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Cancel).setText('取消')
    
    def getRow(self):
        date = self.ui.dateEdit.text()
        event = self.ui.eventEdit.text()
        money = self.ui.moneyEdit.text()
        note = self.ui.noteEdit.text()
        return [date, event, money, note]

    def accept(self):
        if not self.ui.eventEdit.text():
            QMessageBox.critical(self, "错误", "事件不能为空，请重新填写。")
            return
        if self.ui.moneyEdit.text() in ('', '+', '-'):
            QMessageBox.critical(self, "错误", "金额不能为空，请重新填写。")
            return
        return super().accept()

src/dlgCharts.py
图表展示窗口，使用QtCharts（用法跟PyQt5/PySide2略有区别）绘制柱状图。后续会考虑增加更多图表。

from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right

from PySide6.QtCore import QDate, Qt
from PySide6.QtWidgets import *
from PySide6.QtCharts import QBarCategoryAxis, QBarSeries, QBarSet, QChart, QChartView, QValueAxis

from api import total, totalByDate, totalByEvent
from ui_dlgCharts import Ui_Dialog

class dlgCharts(QDialog):
    def __init__(self, data, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.ui = Ui_Dialog()
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        self.showMaximized()

        self.data = data
        minDate = QDate.fromString(data[0][0], 'yyyy/MM/dd')
        maxDate = QDate.fromString(data[-1][0], 'yyyy/MM/dd')
        self.ui.startDateEdit.setDateRange(minDate, maxDate)
        self.ui.endDateEdit.setDateRange(minDate, maxDate)
        self.ui.startDateEdit.setDate(minDate)
        self.ui.endDateEdit.setDate(maxDate)

        self.__update_totalChart(*total(data))
        self.__update_eventChart(totalByEvent(data))
        self.__update_dateChart(totalByDate(data))

        self.ui.startDateEdit.editingFinished.connect(self.__updateCharts)
        self.ui.endDateEdit.editingFinished.connect(self.__updateCharts)

    @staticmethod
    def createChart(chartView: QChartView, title, xAxis, yAxisList):
        chart = QChart()
        chart.setTitle(title)
        chart.setAnimationOptions(QChart.SeriesAnimations)

        series = QBarSeries()
        for axisName, data in yAxisList:
            barSet = QBarSet(axisName)
            barSet.append(data)
            series.append(barSet)
        chart.addSeries(series)

        axisX = QBarCategoryAxis()
        axisX.append(xAxis)
        chart.addAxis(axisX, Qt.AlignBottom)
        series.attachAxis(axisX)

        axisY = QValueAxis()
        axisY.setLabelFormat('%d')
        chart.addAxis(axisY, Qt.AlignLeft)
        series.attachAxis(axisY)

        chartView.setChart(chart)

    def __update_totalChart(self, total_in, total_out):
        self.createChart(
            chartView = self.ui.totalView,
            title     = '总收支',
            xAxis     = ['收入', '支出'], 
            yAxisList = [
                ('金额', [total_in, total_out])
            ]
        )

    def __update_eventChart(self, events):
        self.createChart(
            chartView = self.ui.eventView,
            title     = '收支分类',
            xAxis     = list(events.keys()),
            yAxisList = [
                ('收入', list(map(lambda x: x[0], events.values()))),
                ('支出', list(map(lambda x: x[1], events.values())))
            ]
        )

    def __update_dateChart(self, dates):
        self.createChart(
            chartView = self.ui.dateView,
            title     = '每日收支',
            xAxis     = list(dates.keys()),
            yAxisList = [
                ('收入', list(map(lambda x: x[0], dates.values()))),
                ('支出', list(map(lambda x: x[1], dates.values())))
            ]
        )

    def __updateCharts(self):
        startDate = self.ui.startDateEdit.text()
        endDate = self.ui.endDateEdit.text()
        left = bisect_left(self.data, startDate, key=lambda x: x[0])
        right = bisect_right(self.data, endDate, key=lambda x: x[0])
        data = self.data[left:right]
        self.__update_totalChart(*total(data))
        self.__update_eventChart(totalByEvent(data))
        self.__update_dateChart(totalByDate(data))

src/main.py
主程序，同时管理主窗口。最麻烦的地方是QTableView，要同时处理搜索和排序问题。

import sys
from bisect import insort_right
from functools import partial
from os.path import basename
from webbrowser import open_new_tab

from PySide6.QtWidgets import *
from PySide6.QtCore import Slot, QDate
from PySide6.QtGui import QStandardItem, QStandardItemModel

from api import ApiError, openFile, query, saveFile
from dlgAdd import dlgAdd
from dlgCharts import dlgCharts
from ui_dlgHelp import Ui_Dialog as Ui_dlgHelp
from ui_MainWindow import Ui_MainWindow

# Version info
VERSION = '1.0.1'
CHANNEL = 'stable'
BUILD_DATE = '2022-07-01'
FULL_VERSION = f'{VERSION}-{CHANNEL} ({BUILD_DATE}) on {sys.platform}'

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

class AccountBookMainWindow(QMainWindow):
    version_str = '账本 ' + VERSION
    unsaved_tip = '*'
    SUPPORTED_FILTERS = '账本文件(*.abf);;文本文件(*.txt);;所有文件(*.*)'

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        # Initialize window
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        self.setWindowTitle('账本 ' + VERSION)
        self.labStatus = QLabel(self)
        self.ui.statusBar.addWidget(self.labStatus)

        # Initialize table
        self.model = QStandardItemModel(0, 4, self)
        self.model.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(['日期', '事项', '金额', '备注'])
        self.ui.table.setModel(self.model)
        self.ui.table.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(QHeaderView.Stretch)

        self.__data = []
        self.on_actFile_New_triggered()
        self.ui.actEdit_Remove.setEnabled(False)

        # Connect slots
        self.ui.table.selectionModel().selectionChanged.connect(self.__selectionChanged)
        self.model.itemChanged.connect(self.__itemChanged)

    def __updateTable(self, data):
        self.model.itemChanged.disconnect(self.__itemChanged)
        self.model.setRowCount(len(data))
        for row in range(len(data)):
            for col in range(len(data[row])):
                self.model.setItem(row, col, QStandardItem(data[row][col]))
        self.model.itemChanged.connect(self.__itemChanged)

    def __openFile(self, filename):
        try:
            self.__data = openFile(filename)
        except IOError:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, '错误', '文件打开失败。请稍后再试。')
        except ApiError:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, '错误', '文件格式错误。请检查文件完整性。')
        except Exception as e:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, '错误', '未知错误：' + str(e.with_traceback()))
        else:
            self.ui.searchEdit.clear()
            self.__key = ''
            self.__updateTable(self.__data)
            self.labStatus.setText(filename)
            self.setWindowTitle(self.version_str)
            self.__filename = filename

    def __saveFile(self, filename):
        try:
            saveFile(filename, self.__data)
        except IOError:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, '错误', '文件保存错误。请稍后再试。')
        except Exception as e:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, '错误', '未知错误：' + str(e.with_traceback()))
        else:
            self.labStatus.setText('保存成功：' + filename)
            self.setWindowTitle(self.version_str)
            self.__filename = filename

    @Slot()
    def on_actFile_New_triggered(self):
        self.__filename = self.__key = ''
        self.setWindowTitle(self.unsaved_tip + self.version_str)
        self.labStatus.setText('新文件')
        self.model.setRowCount(0)
        self.__data.clear()

    @Slot()
    def on_actFile_Open_triggered(self):
        filename, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, '打开', filter=self.SUPPORTED_FILTERS)
        if filename:
            self.__openFile(filename)

    @Slot()
    def on_actFile_Save_triggered(self):
        if self.__filename:
            self.__saveFile(self.__filename)
        else:
            filename, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, '保存', filter=self.SUPPORTED_FILTERS)
            if filename:
                self.__saveFile(filename)

    @Slot()
    def on_actFile_SaveAs_triggered(self):
        filename, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, '另存为', filter=self.SUPPORTED_FILTERS)
        if filename:
            self.__saveFile(filename)

    @Slot()
    def on_actHelp_About_triggered(self):
        dialog = QDialog(self)
        ui = Ui_dlgHelp()
        ui.setupUi(dialog)
        for link in (ui.githubLink, ui.giteeLink, ui.licenseLink, ui.readmeLink):
            link.clicked.connect(partial(open_new_tab, link.description()))
        ui.labVersion.setText('版本号：' + FULL_VERSION)
        ui.btnUpdate.clicked.connect(partial(open_new_tab, 'https://github.com/GoodCoder666/AccountBook/releases'))
        dialog.exec()

    @Slot()
    def on_actHelp_AboutQt_triggered(self):
        QMessageBox.aboutQt(self, '关于Qt')

    @Slot()
    def on_actEdit_Add_triggered(self):
        dialog = dlgAdd(self)
        if dialog.exec() == QDialog.Accepted:
            row = dialog.getRow()
            insort_right(self.__data, row)
            self.__updateTable(query(self.__data, self.__key))
            self.setWindowTitle(self.unsaved_tip + self.version_str)

    @Slot()
    def on_actEdit_Remove_triggered(self):
        rows = list(set(map(lambda idx: idx.row(), self.ui.table.selectedIndexes())))
        for row in rows:
            self.__data.remove([self.model.item(row, col).text() for col in range(self.model.columnCount())])
        self.model.itemChanged.disconnect(self.__itemChanged)
        self.model.removeRows(rows[0], len(rows))
        self.model.itemChanged.connect(self.__itemChanged)
        self.setWindowTitle(self.unsaved_tip + self.version_str)

    def __selectionChanged(self):
        self.ui.actEdit_Remove.setEnabled(self.ui.table.selectionModel().hasSelection())

    def __itemChanged(self, item: QStandardItem):
        i, j, new = item.row(), item.column(), item.text()
        if (old := self.__data[i][j]) == new: return
        if j == 0 and not QDate.fromString(new, 'yyyy/MM/dd').isValid():
            QMessageBox.critical(self, '错误', '日期格式错误。')
            self.model.itemChanged.disconnect(self.__itemChanged)
            item.setText(old)
            self.model.itemChanged.connect(self.__itemChanged)
            return
        row = self.__data.pop(i)
        row[j] = new
        insort_right(self.__data, row)
        self.__updateTable(query(self.__data, self.__key))
        self.setWindowTitle(self.unsaved_tip + self.version_str)

    @Slot()
    def on_searchEdit_textChanged(self):
        self.__key = self.ui.searchEdit.text()
        self.__updateTable(query(self.__data, self.__key))

    @Slot()
    def on_actStat_Show_triggered(self):
        if self.__data:
            dlgCharts(self.__data, self).exec()
        else:
            QMessageBox.information(self, '提示', '请添加数据以使用统计功能。')

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        if not self.windowTitle().startswith(self.unsaved_tip): return
        filename = basename(self.__filename) if self.__filename else '新文件'
        messageBox = QMessageBox(
            parent=self, icon=QMessageBox.Warning, windowTitle='提示',
            text=f'是否要保存对 {filename} 的更改？', informativeText='如果不保存，你的更改将丢失。',
            standardButtons=QMessageBox.Save | QMessageBox.Discard | QMessageBox.Cancel
        )
        messageBox.setButtonText(QMessageBox.Save, '保存')
        messageBox.setButtonText(QMessageBox.Discard, '不保存')
        messageBox.setButtonText(QMessageBox.Cancel, '取消')
        reply = messageBox.exec()
        if reply == QMessageBox.Save:
            self.on_actFile_Save_triggered()
            event.accept()
        elif reply == QMessageBox.Discard:
            event.accept()
        else:
            event.ignore()

    def dropEvent(self, event):
        self.__openFile(event.mimeData().text()[8:]) # [8:] is to get rid of 'file:///'

mainform = AccountBookMainWindow()
mainform.show()

sys.exit(app.exec())

3. 总结

本项目到此结束。

【附：项目地址】

• GitHub 地址：https://github.com/GoodCoder666/AccountBook
• Gitee 镜像地址：https://gitee.com/GoodCoder666/AccountBook

记得点个Star哦~

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