【SpringBoot】使用RabbitMQ

项目搭建

1.添加依赖

    org.springframework.boot
    spring-boot-starter-amqp

2.配置aplication.yml

## rabbitmq的最简单配置
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.40.128  ## active tcp://
    port: 5672 ## 通信端口   插件的图形化界面端口15672
    username: user
    password: 123456

一对一消息模型

1.配置Bean，新建队列

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class TestConf {
    // 新建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue getTestQueue() {
        return new Queue("test");
    }
}

启动项目后会在RabbitMQ中新建一个名为test的队列，如下图

也可以在图形化界面中添加队列，如下图

2.发送消息

import java.util.HashMap;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate template; 
    @GetMapping("/send")
    public String sendMQ() {
        HashMap map = new HashMap();
        map.put("name", "郭南林");
        map.put("sex", "男");
        //这里的routingKey填的是队列名test，发送的消息为map的JSON串
        template.convertAndSend("test",JSON.toJSONString(map));
        return "send ok";
    }
}

访问http://localhost:8080/send则发送一条消息

3.消费消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
@RabbitListener(queues="test")
public class TestListener {
    @RabbitHandler
    public void handler(String object) {
        System.out.println(object);
    }

}

消息发送了之后，这边就可以消费消息，将消息打印至控制台。

一对多模型

RabbitMQ里面通过路由绑定（交换机绑定队列）来实现，常用的交换机有三种：
a.direct 直连交换机
b.fanout 广播交换机
c.topic 通配符匹配交换机

1.direct交换机

1.1新建交换机和队列，并绑定

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class DirectConf {

    // 新建交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange getDirectExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("dir.exc");
    }

    // 新建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue getDirQueue() {
        return new Queue("dir.queue");
    }

    // 绑定
    @Bean
    public Binding getBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(getDirQueue()).to(getDirectExchange()).with("dir.key");
    }

}

1.2发送消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class DirectController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate template; 
    
    @GetMapping("/send/dir/{name}")
    public String sendFaout(@PathVariable("name")String name) {
        //这里exchange（交换机）为dir.exc，routingKey为绑定时.with中的值dir.key，消息为name
        template.convertAndSend("dir.exc", "dir.key", name);
        return "send ok";
    }

}

1.3消费消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues="dir.queue")
public class DirectListener {
   
    @RabbitHandler
    public void handler(String object) {
        System.out.println("我是来自直接路由的消息");
        System.out.println(object);
    }
    
}

2.fanout交换机

2.1新建交换机和队列，并绑定

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class FanoutConf {

    // 新建交换机
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange getFanoutExchange() {
        return new FanoutExchange("program.exc");
    }

    // 新建队列 
    @Bean
    public Queue getQueue1() {
        return new Queue("java.program");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue getQueue2() {
        return new Queue("php.program");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue getQueue3() {
        return new Queue("c.program");
    }
    
    @Bean //把交换机和队列绑定在一起
    public Binding getBinding1() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(getQueue1()).to(getFanoutExchange());
    }
    
    @Bean //把交换机和队列绑定在一起
    public Binding getBinding2() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(getQueue2()).to(getFanoutExchange());
    }
    
    @Bean //把交换机和队列绑定在一起
    public Binding getBinding3() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(getQueue3()).to(getFanoutExchange());
    }


}

2.2发送消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class FanoutController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate template; 
    
    @GetMapping("/send/program/{name}")
    public String sendFaout(@PathVariable("name")String name) {
        //这里交换机为广播交换机program.exc，绑定了program.exc的所有队列都会收到消息
        template.convertAndSend("program.exc", null, name);
        return "send ok";
    }

}

2.3消费消息

这里添加三个消费者，java.program、php.program、c.program。

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues="java.program")
public class Fanout1Listener {
   
    @RabbitHandler
    public void handler(String object) {
        System.out.println("我是java:"+object);
    }
    
}

3.topic交换机

3.1新建交换机和队列，并绑定

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class TopicConf {

    // 新建交换机
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange getTopicExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange("top.exc");
    }
    
    //新建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue getTopicQueue1() {
        return new Queue("topic.1");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue getTopicQueue2() {
        return new Queue("topic.2");
    }

    //绑定交换机和队列
    @Bean
    public Binding getTopicBinding1() {
        //#匹配0个或多个单词，*匹配一个单词
        return BindingBuilder.bind(getTopicQueue1()).to(getTopicExchange()).with("#.key");
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding getTopicBinding2() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(getTopicQueue2()).to(getTopicExchange()).with("key.*");
    }

}

3.2发送消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TopicController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate template; 
    
    @GetMapping("/send/topic/{name}")
    public String sendFaout(String routingKey,@PathVariable("name")String name) {
        template.convertAndSend("top.exc", routingKey, name);
        return "send ok";
    }

}

3.3消费消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues="topic.1")
public class Topic1Listener {
   
    @RabbitHandler
    public void handler(String object) {
        System.out.println("我是来topic.1的消息");
        System.out.println(object);
    }
    
}

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues="topic.2")
public class Topic2Listener {
   
    @RabbitHandler
    public void handler(String object) {
        System.out.println("我是来topic.2的消息");
        System.out.println(object);
    }
    
}

demo码云地址：https://gitee.com/gnliscream/rabbitmq-demo.git