python实现Hangman游戏

hangman 游戏实现

什么是hangman (刽子手)游戏

关于hangman游戏的介绍请看维基百科:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangman_(game) 其实就是各种不同条件下的猜单词游戏,本质意思请看下面的游戏解读。

游戏过程解读

  1. 计算机从一个文本中随机抽取一个单词,字符串表示,并显示出字符串长度
  2. 用户一个字符一个字符去猜,手动输入猜测结果,总共有6次猜测次数,每次猜测完之后,计算机告知玩家已经猜测的结果和剩余可以猜测的字母范围
  3. 玩家猜测过程是有一定的规则的:
  • 不能猜测已经猜测过的字符,每重复猜测一次,计算机发出警告一次,总共有3次警告机会;不能猜测除了大小写字母之外的字符,如‘#’ 等一些特殊字符,每猜测一次,警告次数减 1;当警告次数没有了,玩家如果继续犯规(猜测重复,或者猜测除大小写字母之外的字符)则猜测次数减去 1;
  • 玩家猜测的字母不在目标串 secret_letters中,如果猜测的字母是元音字母,则猜测次数减 2 作为惩罚,如果是辅音字母,则猜测次数减 1
  • 这样猜对于玩家来说实在太有难度了,是否可以实现一个游戏的改进版本,每当玩家输入星号 * 时,计算机自动输出文本中所有与当前玩家已猜测结果相符合的单词呢?这样就可以大大缩小玩家的猜测范围了,降低游戏难度。

模块化编程思想

怎么实现这个游戏呢?
我们首先要实现一些功能,这些功能如下:

  • 计算机如何获取文本
  • 如何从文本中随机获取单词
  • 判断玩家猜测字符是否正确
  • 获取玩家已猜对字母
  • 获取剩余可猜测字母范围
  • 计算机玩家交互过程
    相关函数的代码就不分别给出了,下面直接给出整个项目的代码

游戏代码

# Hangman Game

import random
import string

WORDLIST_FILENAME = "words.txt"


def load_words():#读取文件
    print("Loading word list from file...")
    # inFile: file
    inFile = open(WORDLIST_FILENAME, 'r')
    # line: string
    line = inFile.readline()
    # wordlist: list of strings
    wordlist = line.split() #空格分开的单词
    print("  ", len(wordlist), "words loaded.")
    return wordlist #返回的是一个列表

wordlist=load_words()
def choose_word(wordlist):
    return random.choice(wordlist) #随机获取一个单词


#判断玩家猜测是否正确
def is_word_guessed(secret_word, letters_guessed):
    list_secret=list(secret_word)
    #只要目标中出现一个字母不在玩家猜测结果中,返回False,都在的话,返回True
    for i in list_secret:
        if i not in letters_guessed:
            return False
    return True

#获取玩家已猜对字母
def get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed):
    length=len(secret_word)
    list_secret=['_ ']*length #列表元素先全部初始化为'_'
    for i in letters_guessed:
        for j in range(length): 
            if i==secret_word[j]: #用猜对的字母替换掉对应位置的'_'
                list_secret[j]=secret_word[j]
    
    string="".join(map(lambda x:str(x),list_secret)) #列表转字符串
    return string


#获取剩余可猜测字母范围
def get_available_letters(letters_guessed):
    #初始化可猜字母为全部小写字母
    letters_all="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    for i in letters_all:
        if i in letters_guessed: #如果玩家已经猜过 i 则将其替换为'_ '
            letters_all=letters_all.replace(i,'')
    return letters_all
   

def hangman(secret_word):
    list_unique=[] #用于secret_word去重
    for i in secret_word:
        if i not in list_unique:
            list_unique.append(i)
    unique_numbers=len(list_unique) #目标单词中不同字符的数量,用于计算玩家分数
    vowels="aeiou" #元音字母
    print("Welcome to the game hangman!")
    length=len(secret_word) #目标单词长度
    print("I'm thinking of a word that is {} letters long!".format(length))
    times_left=6 #玩家剩余猜测次数
    warning_left=3 #玩家剩余警告次数
    print("You have {} warnings left.".format(warning_left))
    print("------------- ")
    list_guessed=[]
    while times_left>0: #玩家猜测次数没用完
        print("You have {} guesses left.".format(times_left))
        print("Available letters:",get_available_letters(list_guessed))
        char=input("Please guess a letter:")
        x=str.lower(char)
        if x in list_guessed:#玩家已经猜过这个字母
            if warning_left>0:  #警告次数没用完
                warning_left-=1
                print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
            else:           #警告次数为0了 减少猜测次数
                times_left-=1
                print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter.You have no warnings left,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
            
        else: #玩家尚未猜测过这个字母
            list_guessed.append(x) #先存储玩家猜测结果
            if not str.isalpha(x): #玩家输入不是是字母
                if warning_left>0:
                    warning_left-=1
                    print("Oops!That is not a valid letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
                else:
                    times_left-=1
                    print(" Oops! That is not a valid letter. You have no warnings left,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
            #玩家输入是字母时
            elif x in secret_word:#玩家猜测字母在目标中
                print("Good guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
                # 玩家猜出全部字母
                if secret_word==get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed):
                    print("------------- ")
                    print("Congratulations, you won!")
                    total_score=times_left*unique_numbers
                    print("Your total score for this game is:",total_score)
                    return 
            else: #玩家猜测字母不在目标中
                print("Oops! That letter is not in my word.",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
                if x in vowels: #没有猜中,且是元音字母
                    times_left-=2
                else:
                    times_left-=1 
        print("------------- ")
    print("Sorry, you ran out of guesses.The word was {}".format(secret_word)) #玩家失败,游戏结束
    return 
    
    """
def del_space(string): #将字符串去除空格后转化成列表
    lst=[]
    for i in string:
        if i!=' ':
            lst.append(i)
    return lst
      
#检验两个单词是否按规则匹配
def match_with_gaps(my_word, other_word):
    #先将字符串转换成列表,方便操作
    list_my_word=del_space(my_word)
    list_other_word=list(other_word)
    if len(list_my_word)!=len(list_other_word): #长度不一致
        return False
    else:
        length=len(list_my_word)
        for i in range(length): #对应位置均是字母且不相等
            if list_my_word[i]!='_' and list_my_word[i]!=list_other_word[i]:
                return False
        #list_my_word[i]=='_'时
        for i in range(length): 
            j=i+1
            for j in range(length):
                if list_other_word[i]==list_other_word[j] and list_my_word[i]!=list_my_word[j]:
                    return False
    return True
   
def show_possible_matches(my_word):
    flag=0 #用于标记是否存在可能匹配的单词
    possible_word=[] #存储可能匹配的单词
    for i in wordlist:
        if match_with_gaps(my_word,i):
            flag=1
            possible_word.append(i)
    if flag==0:#不存在可能匹配的单词
        print("No matches found.")
    else:
        print("Possible word matches are:")
        for i in possible_word:
            print(i,end=' ')
    print("")
  

def hangman_with_hints(secret_word):
    list_unique=[] #用于secret_word去重
    for i in secret_word:
        if i not in list_unique:
            list_unique.append(i)
    unique_numbers=len(list_unique) #目标单词中不同字符的数量,用于计算玩家分数
    vowels="aeiou" #元音字母
    print("Welcome to the game hangman!")
    length=len(secret_word) #目标单词长度
    print("I'm thinking of a word that is {} letters long!".format(length))
    times_left=6 #玩家剩余猜测次数
    warning_left=3 #玩家剩余警告次数
    print("You have {} warnings left.".format(warning_left))
    print("------------- ")
    list_guessed=[]
    while times_left>0: #猜测次数没没有用完时
        print("You have {} guesses left.".format(times_left))
        print("Available letters:",get_available_letters(list_guessed))
        char=input("Please guess a letter:")
        x=str.lower(char)
        if x in list_guessed:#玩家已经猜过这个字母
            if warning_left>0: 
                warning_left-=1
                print("Oops!You've already guessed that letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
            else:           #警告次数为0了 减少猜测次数
                times_left-=1
                print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter.You have no warnings eft,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
            
        else: #玩家尚未猜测过这个字母
            list_guessed.append(x) #先存储玩家猜测结果
            if x=='*': #是 '*' 的情况
                my_word=get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed)
                show_possible_matches(my_word)
            elif not str.isalpha(x): #玩家输入不是是字母且不是 * 号
                if warning_left>0:
                    warning_left-=1
                    print("Oops!  That is not a valid letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
                else:
                    times_left-=1
                    print(" Oops! That is not a valid letter.You have no warnings left,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
            #玩家输入是字母时
            elif x in secret_word:#玩家猜测字母在目标中
                print("Good guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
                # 玩家猜出全部字母
                if secret_word==get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed):
                    print("------------- ")
                    print("Congratulations,you won!")
                    total_score=times_left*unique_numbers
                    print("Your total score for this game is:",total_score)
                    return
            else: #玩家猜测字母不在目标中
                print("Oops! That letter is not in my word.",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
                if x in vowels: #没有猜中,且是元音字母
                    times_left-=2
                else:
                    times_left-=1 
        print("------------- ")
    print("Sorry,you ran out of guesses.The word was {}".format(secret_word)) #玩家失败,游戏结束
    return 
  """
if __name__ == "__main__":  
    secret_word=choose_word(wordlist)
    hangman(secret_word)
    
    #secret_word = choose_word(wordlist)
    #hangman_with_hints("apple")

注意,注释掉的部分是为了实现 hangman 游戏的 改进版本,一个具有计算机提示功能的版本,每当用户输入 * 时,计算机就将文本中所有与当前已猜测结果相匹配的单词输出,以缩小玩家猜测范围作为提示。游戏效果如下:
python实现Hangman游戏_第1张图片
项目代码如果有任何问题,欢迎随时指出,万分感谢!

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