java socket的理解-从helo world开始
之前我以为java的socket很简单，不就是创建一个socketServet，然后不断的accept么？这种代码网上很多，基本流程是这样的：
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);
while (true) {
Socket socket = server.accept();
InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
int length = input.available();
if(length>0){
byte[] data = new byte[length];
input.read(data);
String str = new String(data);
String result = execute(str);
OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
out.write(("ok"+result+"\r\n").getBytes());
out.flush();
}
socket.close();
}虽然在做轮询，但accept()会阻塞，直到有新的客户端请求过来才会产生一个新的socket，然后读取数据，处理数据，最后关闭。基本流程是 accept()--->read()--->hand()--->close()。
代码看上去很简单，也能成功运行，但这段代码存在2个问题：
1. 一个socket只能处理一次就被关闭了，对于局域网的RPC来说这是很不划算的，很多时候我们希望能是长链接。处理流程变成accept()-->read()-->hand()-->read()-->hand()-->close()
2. 如果一个client在一个socket中连续发送两次数据，client端代码会报错，因为socket在处理玩第一次read数据之后就被server关闭了。
所以为了解决上面两个问题，我把这段代码修改一下，每个socket一个线程来处理：
class Channel implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
private ServiceRegisterTester t ;
public Channel(Socket socket,ServiceRegisterTester t ){
super();
this.socket = socket;
this.t = t;
}
public void run() {
try{
Socket socket = this.socket;
while(true){
InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
int length = input.available();
if(length>0){
byte[] data = new byte[length];
input.read(data);
String str = new String(data);
String result = t.test(str);
OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
out.write(("ok"+result+"\r\n").getBytes());
out.flush();
}
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);
while (true) {
Socket socket = server.accept();
Channel chanenl = new Channel(socket,t);
new Thread(chanenl).start();
}这样每个socket都有一个单独的线程来处理，前面2个问题解决了！
但通过top观测发现java进程cpu占用非常高，都在做空转，每个socket都有线程在做轮询，这太伤害性能了吧，怎么才能让
socket.getInputStream();也阻塞，让他能智能的读取到可用的数据才唤醒呢？
我相信netty也会遇到这个问题看看netty是如何解决的吧：
ChannelFactory factory =
new OioServerSocketChannelFactory (
Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),
Executors.newCachedThreadPool());
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap (factory);
DiscardServerHandler handler = new DiscardServerHandler();
ChannelPipeline pipeline = bootstrap.getPipeline();
pipeline.addLast("handler", handler);
bootstrap.setOption("child.tcpNoDelay", true);
bootstrap.setOption("child.keepAlive", true);
bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080)); ChannelFactory需要两个线程池，一个是boss，一个是worker，boss只需要一个线程即可，worker可以根据合适的情况配置。当在执行 bootstrap.bind()的时候会启动boss线程，代码如下：
class OioServerSocketPipelineSink{
private void bind(
OioServerSocketChannel channel, ChannelFuture future,
SocketAddress localAddress) {
Executor bossExecutor =
((OioServerSocketChannelFactory) channel.getFactory()).bossExecutor;
bossExecutor.execute(
new IoWorkerRunnable(
new ThreadRenamingRunnable(
new Boss(channel),
"Old I/O server boss (channelId: " +
channel.getId() + ", " + localAddress + ')')));
bossStarted = true;
}
}OioServerSocketPipelineSink&Boss 是一个Runnable,其run方法如下：
while (channel.isBound()) {
try {
Socket acceptedSocket = channel.socket.accept();
try {
ChannelPipeline pipeline =
channel.getConfig().getPipelineFactory().getPipeline();
final OioAcceptedSocketChannel acceptedChannel =
new OioAcceptedSocketChannel(
channel,
channel.getFactory(),
pipeline,
OioServerSocketPipelineSink.this,
acceptedSocket);
workerExecutor.execute(
new IoWorkerRunnable(
new ThreadRenamingRunnable(
new OioWorker(acceptedChannel),
"Old I/O server worker (parentId: " +
channel.getId() + ", channelId: " +
acceptedChannel.getId() + ", " +
channel.getRemoteAddress() + " => " +
channel.getLocalAddress() + ')')));
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn(
"Failed to initialize an accepted socket.", e);
try {
acceptedSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e2) {
logger.warn(
"Failed to close a partially accepted socket.",
e2);
}
}
}可以看到Boss的职责就是轮询获取每个新请求Socket，立即交给workerExecutor处理，workerExecutor的逻辑单元封装在OioWorker，OioWorker的run方法如下：
public void run(){
final PushbackInputStream in = channel.getInputStream();
while (channel.isOpen()) {
synchronized (channel.interestOpsLock) {
while (!channel.isReadable()) {
try {
// notify() is not called at all.
// close() and setInterestOps() calls Thread.interrupt()
channel.interestOpsLock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
if (!channel.isOpen()) {
break;
}
}
}
}
byte[] buf;
int readBytes;
try {
int bytesToRead = in.available();
if (bytesToRead > 0) {
buf = new byte[bytesToRead];
readBytes = in.read(buf);
} else {
int b = in.read();
if (b < 0) {
break;
}
in.unread(b);
continue;
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
if (!channel.socket.isClosed()) {
fireExceptionCaught(channel, t);
}
break;
}
ChannelBuffer buffer;
if (readBytes == buf.length) {
buffer = ChannelBuffers.wrappedBuffer(buf);
} else {
// A rare case, but it sometimes happen.
buffer = ChannelBuffers.wrappedBuffer(buf, 0, readBytes);
}
fireMessageReceived(channel, buffer);
}
// Setting the workerThread to null will prevent any channel
// operations from interrupting this thread from now on.
channel.workerThread = null;
// Clean up.
close(channel, succeededFuture(channel));
} OioWorker里有一个非常重要的InputStream-PushbackInputStream，这个输入流能阻塞io,请看其read()方法的注释：“从此输入流中读取下一个数据字节。返回 0 到 255 范围内的 int 字节值。如果因流的末尾已到达而没有可用的字节，则返回值 -1。在输入数据可用、检测到流的末尾或者抛出异常前，此方法一直阻塞。”
netty就是利用这种方式来做轮询，而CPU又不至于空转。