1、import_module方法
解析字符串,并导入改路径的模块
#根据字符串导入模块#通畅用来导入包下面的模块
o = importlib.import_module("aa.bb")
s2= "Person"
#由字符串找函数、方法、类 利用 反射
the_class = getattr(o, "Person")
p2= the_class("小黑")
p2.dream()
从"aa.bb"路径导入bb模块。
2、import_module在Django中的使用
2.1、Django中使用import_module实现import_string方法
在Django源码目录"django/utils/module_loading.py",使用importlib中的import_module函数实现了Django中自定义的import_string(dotted_path)方法
源码:
defimport_string(dotted_path):"""Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import failed."""
try:
module_path, class_name= dotted_path.rsplit('.', 1)exceptValueError as err:raise ImportError("%s doesn't look like a module path" % dotted_path) fromerr
module=import_module(module_path)try:returngetattr(module, class_name)exceptAttributeError as err:raise ImportError('Module "%s" does not define a "%s" attribute/class' %(
module_path, class_name)
)from err
解析:
例如Django项目settings.py中的'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',在dotted_path.rsplit('.', 1)后生成元组('django.middleware.clickjacking','XFrameOptionsMiddleware'),再使用import_module导入'django.middleware.clickjacking'模块,最后使用映射获取类XFrameOptionsMiddleware。
2.2、Django中使用import_string导入模块中的类
在"django\core\handlers\base.py"中class BaseHandler中有load_middleware()方法用来导入settings中的中间件,其中调用了上面的import_string()方法,源码如下:
defload_middleware(self):"""Populate middleware lists from settings.MIDDLEWARE.
Must be called after the environment is fixed (see __call__ in subclasses)."""self._request_middleware=[]
self._view_middleware=[]
self._template_response_middleware=[]
self._response_middleware=[]
self._exception_middleware=[]
handler=convert_exception_to_response(self._get_response)for middleware_path inreversed(settings.MIDDLEWARE):
middleware=import_string(middleware_path)try:
mw_instance=middleware(handler)exceptMiddlewareNotUsed as exc:ifsettings.DEBUG:ifstr(exc):
logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed(%r): %s', middleware_path, exc)else:
logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed: %r', middleware_path)continue
if mw_instance isNone:raiseImproperlyConfigured('Middleware factory %s returned None.' %middleware_path
)if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_view'):
self._view_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_view)if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_template_response'):
self._template_response_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_template_response)if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_exception'):
self._exception_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_exception)
handler=convert_exception_to_response(mw_instance)#We only assign to this when initialization is complete as it is used
#as a flag for initialization being complete.