视频链接地址：
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=IVqp2HLIXUQ
Novel Coronavirus
In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia cases in China. Investigations found that it was caused by a previously unknown virus, now named the 2019 novel coronavirus. In this video, we'll take a quick look at what's currently known about the virus. Keep in mind that this is a new virus and what's know about the virus now might change in the future.
Coronavirus are a large group of viruses.
They consist of a core of genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes. This gives it the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called corona. And that's how these viruses get their name.
There are different kinds of corona viruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms. Respiratory disease can range from the common cold to pneumonia. And in most people, the symptoms tend to be mild. However, there are some types of corona viruses that can cause severe disease. These include the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus first identified in China in 2003, and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
The 2019 novel coronavirus now was first identified in China. It initially occurred in a group of people with pneumonia who'd been associated with seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan. The disease has since spread from those who were sick to others，including family members and healthcare staff. There are many cases at present, and the disease has spread within China and also to a number of other countries.
So where did the virus come from?
It is known that coronaviruses circulate in the range of animals. Sometimes these viruses can make the jump from animals to humans. This is called a spillover. And could due to a range of factors, such as mutations in the virus or increased contact between humans and animals. For example, Mers-cov is known to be transmitted from camels and Sars-cov from civet cats. The animal reservior of the 2019 novel coronavirus is not known yet.
How is it transmitted?
The exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined. In general, respiratory viruses are usually transmitted through droplets created when an infected person coughs or sneezes or through something that has been contaminated with the virus. People most at risk of infection from the novel coronavirus are those in close contact with animals such as live animal market workers and those who are caring for people infected with the virus, such as family members or healthcare workers.
So how does the disease present?
Well, from what is known so far, there /ˈrʌb/ can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there has been pneumonia, kidney failure, and death. The mortality rate is not known yet.
How can we tell whether someone is infected?
The infection can be diagnosed by a test called PCR or polymerase chain reaction. This test identified the virus based on its genetic fingerprint. There is currently no specific medication for the virus. And treatment is supportive care. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.
How do we prevent transmission of the virus?
This new virus currently has a limited geographic spread. However, there are a number of standard hygiene practices that has been recommended to protect against infection and further spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask tissue or flexed elbow, avoiding close contact with those who are unwell, the appropriate use of masks in the personal protective equipment especially in the health care setting, washing hands regularly with soap and water or alcohol based hand rub.
Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from an animal source include avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals, washing hands after contact with animals or animal products, and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they are consumed.
But if you have a fever, cough and difficult breathing, seek medical care early and share your previous travel history with your healthcare provider.
That's a quick look at this emerging infectious disease. Give that this outbreak is involving rapidly, what's know about this virus can change. Please check the websites below for the most up-to-date information.
Key words:
pneumonia /njuˈməʊnjə/肺炎
protein /ˈproʊˌtiːn/ 蛋白质
spike /ˈspaık/尖刺
respiratory /rıˈspırətri/呼吸的
gastrointestinal /ˌgæstrəʊɪnˈtestənəl/ 肠胃的
symptom /ˈsımptəm/ 症状
circulate /ˈsɚkjəˌleıt/流传、散布
spillover /ˈspɪlˌəʊvə/溢出、外流
mutation /mjuˈteıʃən/变异、突变
reservior /ˈrɛzəˌvwɑɚ/
Medicine An organism or a population that directly or indirectly transmits a pathogen while being virtually immune to its effects.【医学】 储存宿主：直接或间接地传递病原体而同时实际上又对其具有免疫力的生物或生物群
dynamics /daɪˈnæmɪks/ 动力、运动变化。
contaminate /kənˈtæməˌneıt/污染
mortality /mɔːˈtælɪtiː/ 死亡率、死亡人数。
diagnose /ˈdaɪəgˌnəʊs/诊断
polymerase /ˈpɒləməˌreɪs/聚合酶
hygiene /ˈhaıˌʤiːn/卫生
tissue /ˈtıʃu/ （人、动物）组织；薄纸，棉纸
rub /ˈrʌb/ 按摩、搓