Flask PyMongo的基本使用
安装：
pip install pymongo
官方文档:
https://pymongo.readthedocs.io/
数据库连接
数据库连接，无密码
# 数据库链接，必须保证当前系统能正常访问mongodb！！!
connect = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017')
# 创建/切换数据库，数据库不存在则会库中有文档以后，自动创建
my_db = connect["mofang"]
print(my_db) # 数据库信息
# Database(MongoClient(host=['127.0.0.1:27017'], document_class=dict, tz_aware=False, connect=True), 'mofang')
# 创建/进入集合，集合不存在则会集合中有文档以后，自动创建
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"]
print(my_collections) # 集合信息
# Collection(Database(MongoClient(host=['127.0.0.1:27017'], document_class=dict, tz_aware=False, connect=True), 'mofang'), 'my_collections')
数据库连接，有密码
"""方式1：如果账号密码没有特殊字符"""
# from pymongo import MongoClient
connect = MongoClient("mongodb://mofang:[email protected]:27017/mofang")
my_db = connect['mofang'] # 创建/切换数据库
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"] # 创建/进入集合
data = {"name":'nasa',"sex":True,'age':16} # 参数
ret = my_collections.insert_one(data) # 添加参数
print(ret.inserted_id) # 5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e # 返回的id值
"""方式2：当前当前库的管理员链接"""
from pymongo import MongoClient
from urllib import parse
username = parse.quote_plus('mofang') # 对用户名进行编码
password = parse.quote_plus('123') # 对密码进行编码
database = parse.quote_plus('mofang') # 对密码进行编码
connect = MongoClient("mongodb://{}:{}@127.0.0.1:27017/{}".format(username,password,database))
my_db = connect['mofang'] # 创建/切换数据库
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"] # 创建/进入集合
data = {"name":'yeqi',"sex":False,'age':15} # 参数
ret = my_collections.insert_one(data) # 添加参数
print(ret.inserted_id) # 5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743 # 返回的id值
# """方式3: 基于超级管理员身份链接。不需要当前库的管理员了"""
from pymongo import MongoClient
from urllib import parse
username = parse.quote_plus('root') # 对用户名进行编码
password = parse.quote_plus('123') # 对密码进行编码
database = parse.quote_plus('admin') # 对密码进行编码
host = "127.0.0.1" # 服务器ip地址
port = '27017' # 端口号
connect = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}'.format(username,password,host,port,database))
my_db = connect['mofang'] # 创建/切换数据库
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"] # 创建/进入集合
data = {"name":'樱满集',"sex":True,'age':16} # 参数
ret = my_collections.insert_one(data) # 添加参数
print(ret.inserted_id) # 5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3 # 返回的id值
集合与数据库管理
from pymongo import MongoClient
connect = MongoClient("mongodb://root:[email protected]:27017/admin")
my_db = connect["mofang"] # 创建/进入数据库
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"] # 创建/进入集合
# 查看所有数据库[除了三个基本数据库以外，其他数据库只会显示有文档数据的]
ret = connect.list_database_names()
print(ret) # 查询所有的数据库 # ['admin', 'config', 'local', 'mofang', 'mogang']
ret1 = my_db.list_collection_names()
print(ret1) # 查询当前数据库的collections集合 # ['my_collections']
# 删除集合的方式1
my_collections_delete = my_db["notify_list"]
my_collections_delete.drop()
# 删除集合的方式2
my_db.drop_collection("notify_list")
mongo添加文档
from pymongo import MongoClient
connect = MongoClient("mongodb://root:[email protected]:27017/admin")
my_db = connect["mofang"] # 创建/进入数据库
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"] # 创建/进入集合
添加一条数据
document = {"name":"佐藤优一","mobile":"15025555666","age":17,"sex":False}
ret = my_collections.insert_one(document)
print(ret.inserted_id) # 返回主键ID 5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4
添加多条数据
data_list = [
{"name": "罪恶王冠_恙神涯", "mobile": "574158", "age": 23, "sex": False},
{"name": "罪恶王冠_樱满集", "mobile": "777777", "age": 17, "sex": False},
{"name": "罪恶王冠_楪祈", "mobile": "111111", "age": 16, "sex": True},
{"name": "Charlotte_乙坂有宇", "mobile": "123456", "age": 17, "sex": False},
{"name": "Charlotte_友利奈绪", "mobile": "654321", "age": 16, "sex": True},
{"name": "Charlotte_黑羽美砂", "mobile": "999999", "age": 18, "sex": True},
]
ret = my_collections.insert_many(data_list)
print(ret.inserted_ids)
# 返回每一条数据主键ID
# [ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d258'), ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d')]
查询文档(集合 collections)
from pymongo import MongoClient
connect = MongoClient("mongodb://root:[email protected]:27017/admin")
my_db = connect["mofang"] # 创建/进入数据库
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"] # 创建/进入集合
"""获取一条"""
document = my_collections.find_one()
print(document)
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# 获取数据中的信息
print(document["name"]) # nasa
"""获取多条数据"""
document_list = my_collections.find()
print(document_list) # 代码显示：
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
nasa
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f0b722ca8317cddcc5c'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
yeqi
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
yeqi
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
樱满集
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
樱满集
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd2231e58d8b8fe3b10c1d4'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
樱满集
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4'), 'name': '佐藤优一', 'mobile': '15025555666', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
佐藤优一
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d258'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_恙神涯', 'mobile': '574158', 'age': 23, 'sex': False}
罪恶王冠_恙神涯
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集', 'mobile': '777777', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
罪恶王冠_樱满集
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈', 'mobile': '111111', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
罪恶王冠_楪祈
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), 'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇', 'mobile': '123456', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
Charlotte_乙坂有宇
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), 'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪', 'mobile': '654321', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
Charlotte_友利奈绪
{'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d'), 'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂', 'mobile': '999999', 'age': 18, 'sex': True}
Charlotte_黑羽美砂
字段投影：只显示部分字段，1表示显示，0表示隐藏
document_list = my_collections.find({},{"name":1,"_id":0})
for document in document_list:
print(document)
代码显示:
{'name': 'nasa'}
{'name': 'yeqi'}
{'name': 'yeqi'}
{'name': '樱满集'}
{'name': '樱满集'}
{'name': '樱满集'}
{'name': '佐藤优一'}
{'name': '罪恶王冠_恙神涯'}
{'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集'}
{'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈'}
{'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇'}
{'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪'}
{'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂'}
基于查询条件获取数据
# 值相等
query = {"name":{"$eq":"樱满集"}}
document = my_collections.find_one(query) #
print(document) # {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# 查询方式一样 下面简单
query1 = {"name":"xiaoming"}
document = my_collections.find_one(query1) #
print(document) # {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
运算条件查询:
query = {"age":{"$gt":17}} # age > 17
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d258'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_恙神涯', 'mobile': '574158', 'age': 23, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d'), 'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂', 'mobile': '999999', 'age': 18, 'sex': True}
query = {"age":{"$gte":17}} # age >= 17
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4'), 'name': '佐藤优一', 'mobile': '15025555666', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d258'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_恙神涯', 'mobile': '574158', 'age': 23, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集', 'mobile': '777777', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), 'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇', 'mobile': '123456', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d'), 'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂', 'mobile': '999999', 'age': 18, 'sex': True}
query = {"age":{"$lte":17}} # age <= 17
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f0b722ca8317cddcc5c'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2231e58d8b8fe3b10c1d4'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4'), 'name': '佐藤优一', 'mobile': '15025555666', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集', 'mobile': '777777', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈', 'mobile': '111111', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), 'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇', 'mobile': '123456', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), 'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪', 'mobile': '654321', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
query = {"age":{"$lt":17}} # age < 17
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f0b722ca8317cddcc5c'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2231e58d8b8fe3b10c1d4'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈', 'mobile': '111111', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), 'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪', 'mobile': '654321', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
query = {"age":{"$ne":17}} # age != 17
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f0b722ca8317cddcc5c'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2231e58d8b8fe3b10c1d4'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d258'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_恙神涯', 'mobile': '574158', 'age': 23, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈', 'mobile': '111111', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), 'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪', 'mobile': '654321', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d'), 'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂', 'mobile': '999999', 'age': 18, 'sex': True}
query = {"age":{"$in":[16,17]}} # age in [16,17]
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2231e58d8b8fe3b10c1d4'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4'), 'name': '佐藤优一', 'mobile': '15025555666', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集', 'mobile': '777777', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈', 'mobile': '111111', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), 'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇', 'mobile': '123456', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), 'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪', 'mobile': '654321', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# """
# query = {"age":{"$in":[17,18]}}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4'), 'name': '佐藤优一', 'mobile': '15025555666', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集', 'mobile': '777777', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), 'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇', 'mobile': '123456', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d'), 'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂', 'mobile': '999999', 'age': 18, 'sex': True}
# document_list = my_collections.find(query)
# for document in document_list:
# print(document)
# 排序
"""
单个字段：
sort("age",-1) # 倒序
sort("age",1) # 升序
多个字段：
sort([("age",-1),("_id",1)])
"""
document_list = my_collections.find().sort("age",-1)
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d258'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_恙神涯', 'mobile': '574158', 'age': 23, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d'), 'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂', 'mobile': '999999', 'age': 18, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4'), 'name': '佐藤优一', 'mobile': '15025555666', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集', 'mobile': '777777', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), 'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇', 'mobile': '123456', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2231e58d8b8fe3b10c1d4'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈', 'mobile': '111111', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), 'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪', 'mobile': '654321', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f0b722ca8317cddcc5c'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
document_list = my_collections.find().sort([("age",-1),("_id",1)])
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d258'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_恙神涯', 'mobile': '574158', 'age': 23, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25d'), 'name': 'Charlotte_黑羽美砂', 'mobile': '999999', 'age': 18, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22ca7a274c48b793f14b4'), 'name': '佐藤优一', 'mobile': '15025555666', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d259'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_樱满集', 'mobile': '777777', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25b'), 'name': 'Charlotte_乙坂有宇', 'mobile': '123456', 'age': 17, 'sex': False}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2206c81970531b2750b6b'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2230ff92b583773a1c8e3'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd2231e58d8b8fe3b10c1d4'), 'name': '樱满集', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25a'), 'name': '罪恶王冠_楪祈', 'mobile': '111111', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd22d1969cd7dcfb865d25c'), 'name': 'Charlotte_友利奈绪', 'mobile': '654321', 'age': 16, 'sex': True}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f0b722ca8317cddcc5c'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
for document in document_list:
print(document)
限制结果
document_list = my_collections.find().limit(3) # 只查询3条
for document in document_list:
print(document)
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21cc92b280a7470998b7e'), 'name': 'nasa', 'sex': True, 'age': 16}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f0b722ca8317cddcc5c'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
# {'_id': ObjectId('5fd21f267ae8ccfad62e7743'), 'name': 'yeqi', 'sex': False, 'age': 15}
删除文档
# 删除一个文档
query = {"name":"樱满集"}
ret = my_collections.delete_one(query)
print(ret.deleted_count) # 1:删除成功 0:没有删除的数据
# 删除多个文档
query = {"_id":"xiaoming1号"}
ret = my_collection.delete_many(query)
print(ret.deleted_count) # 大于0:删除成功 0:没有删除的数据
# 查询一条数据出来并删除
# 返回一条数据，如果没有，则返回None
query = {"name":"xiaobai"}
document = my_collection.find_one_and_delete(query)
print(document)
更新文档
"""按条件更新一个文档的指定数据"""
query = { "name": "xiaofei" }
upsert = { "$set": { "age": 22 } }
ret = my_collections.update_one(query, upsert)
print(ret.modified_count) # 0 表示没有任何修改，1表示修改成功
"""按条件累加/累减指定数值一个文档的指定数据"""
query = { "name": "xiaofei" }
upsert = { "$inc": { "age": -1 } } # 累减
# upsert = { "$inc": { "age": 1 } } # 累加
ret = my_collections.update_one(query, upsert)
print(ret.modified_count)
"""更新多条数据"""
# 把所有以"1"开头的手机码号的文档，全部改成999999
query = { "mobile": {"$regex":"^1"} }
upsert = { "$set": { "mobile": "999999" } }
ret = my_collections.update_many(query, upsert)
print(ret.modified_count) # 3