一般用于dns或者已经做好主从同步的mysql服务器的转发,做负载均衡的工作。
stream模块一般用于tcp/UDP数据流的代理和负载均衡,可以通过stream模块代理转发TCP消息。 ngx_stream_core_module模块由1.9.0版提供。 默认情况下,没有构建此模块。
第一种安装方法: -必须使用-with stream配置参数启用。这个对于初学者来讲稍微有些麻烦
第二种安装方法:
首先使用yum -y install epel-release nginx 安装 nginx模块
然后查找nginx的模块,如下图
[root@hy ~]# yum list |grep nginx
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 @epel
nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.20.1-10.el7 @epel
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 @epel
collectd-nginx.x86_64 5.8.1-1.el7 epel
munin-nginx.noarch 2.0.69-5.el7 epel
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.20.1-10.el7 epel
nginx-mod-devel.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 epel
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 epel
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 epel
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 epel
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 epel
nginx1w.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-headers-more.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-http-geoip.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-http-image-filter.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-http-perl.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-http-xslt.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-mail.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-pagespeed.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
nginx1w-module-stream.x86_64 1.12.1-1.w7 webtatic
pagure-web-nginx.noarch 5.13.3-2.el7 epel
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 4.3.2-13.el7_9 updates
python2-certbot-nginx.noarch 1.11.0-1.el7 epel
sympa-nginx.x86_64 6.2.68-1.el7 epel
找到stream模块,进行安装
yum -y install nginx-mod-stream.x86_64
安装完毕。
nginx需要配置一个stream的段(segment),就是刚才安装的这个模块的自带的指令(directive),注意这个stream和http段是并列的,要写在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的最后。
stream {
log_format basic '$remote_addr [$time_local] '
'$protocol $status $bytes_sent $bytes_received '
'$session_time';
access_log /var/log/nginx/stream-access.log basic buffer=32k;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.stream;
}
最后的include是要是将conf.d中的stream文件作为配置的一部分。
我们将有mysql服务器的地址192.168.10.240 作为要转发的机器,配置如下:
root@hy conf.d]# cat mysql.stream
server{
listen 3306;
proxy_pass 192.168.10.240:3306;
}
使用 systemctl reload nginx 重新启动nginx
也可以使用systemctl restart nginx启动
如果启动不了,可以使用nginx -t测试下配置文件是否有错,如果有错误的话,会有提示。
重启服务器以后,看状态
[root@hy conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@hy conf.d]# netstat -ant
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.11.9:22 192.168.10.16:48540 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.11.9:22 172.16.10.20:55362 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25
看到nginx已经侦听了3306端口。这个就是7层转发的特点。
我们先到240上看看机器名称
[root@hy conf.d]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.10.240
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| slave1 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
机器名称是slave1
我们在nginx机器上登录,nginx的机器名称是hy
[root@hy nginx]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| slave1 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我们看到已经成功到slave1上去了。
配置负载均衡,对于mysql来说,所有的被转发的服务器必须先已经做好了同步才可,否则数据有不对。
配置很简单,就是增加upstream模块,二台服务器轮询
upstream backend {
# hash $remote_addr consistent;
server 192.168.10.240:3306 weight=1;
server 192.168.10.251:3306 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server{
listen 3306;
proxy_pass backend;
}
重新启动
[root@hy conf.d]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 19
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> exot exit;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'exot exit' at line 1
MySQL [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@hy conf.d]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host 'php.qq.com' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
可以看到在轮询,只不过一台机器是不能登录而已。