kafka基本操作以及kafka-topics.sh 使用方式

文章目录

  • 1 kafka的基本操作
    • 1.1 创建topic
    • 1.2 查看topic
    • 1.3 查看topic属性
    • 1.4 发送消息
    • 1.5 消费消息
  • 2 kafka-topics.sh 使用方式
    • 2.1 查看帮助
    • 2.2 副本数量规则
    • 2.3 创建主题
    • 2.4 查看broker上所有的主题
    • 2.5 查看指定主题 topic 的详细信息
    • 2.6 修改主题信息之增加主题分区数量
    • 2.7 删除主题

1 kafka的基本操作

1.1 创建topic

sh kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test

参数说明:

  1. –create 是创建主题的的动作指令。
  2. –zookeeper 指定kafka所连接的zookeeper服务地址。
  3. –replicator-factor 指定了副本因子(即副本数量)。
  4. –partitions 指定分区个数;多个通道,类似车道。
  5. –topic 指定所要创建主题的名称,比如test。

成功则显示:

Created topic "test".

1.2 查看topic

sh kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:2181

显示:

test

1.3 查看topic属性

sh kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test

显示:

Topic:test	PartitionCount:1	ReplicationFactor:1	Configs:
	Topic: test	Partition: 0	Leader: 0	Replicas: 0	Isr: 0

1.4 发送消息

sh kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test

发送端输入:

>hello
>where are you
>let’s go

1.5 消费消息

sh kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test --from-beginning

消费端显示:

hello
where are you
let’s go
^CProcessed a total of 3 messages

2 kafka-topics.sh 使用方式

创建、修改、删除以及查看等功能。

2.1 查看帮助

/bin目录下的每一个脚本工具,都有着众多的参数选项,不可能所有命令都记得住,这些脚本都可以使用 --help 参数来打印列出其所需的参数信息。

$ sh kafka-topics.sh --help
Command must include exactly one action: --list, --describe, --create, --alter or --delete
Option                                   Description                            
------                                   -----------                            
--alter                                  Alter the number of partitions,        
                                           replica assignment, and/or           
                                           configuration for the topic.         
--config <String: name=value>            A topic configuration override for the 
                                           topic being created or altered.The   
                                           following is a list of valid         
                                           configurations:                      
                                         	cleanup.policy                        
                                         	compression.type                      
                                         	delete.retention.ms                   
                                         	file.delete.delay.ms                  
                                         	flush.messages                        
                                         	flush.ms                              
                                         	follower.replication.throttled.       
                                           replicas                             
                                         	index.interval.bytes                  
                                         	leader.replication.throttled.replicas 
                                         	max.message.bytes                     
                                         	message.downconversion.enable         
                                         	message.format.version                
                                         	message.timestamp.difference.max.ms   
                                         	message.timestamp.type                
                                         	min.cleanable.dirty.ratio             
                                         	min.compaction.lag.ms                 
                                         	min.insync.replicas                   
                                         	preallocate                           
                                         	retention.bytes                       
                                         	retention.ms                          
                                         	segment.bytes                         
                                         	segment.index.bytes                   
                                         	segment.jitter.ms                     
                                         	segment.ms                            
                                         	unclean.leader.election.enable        
                                         See the Kafka documentation for full   
                                           details on the topic configs.        
--create                                 Create a new topic.                    
--delete                                 Delete a topic                         
--delete-config <String: name>           A topic configuration override to be   
                                           removed for an existing topic (see   
                                           the list of configurations under the 
                                           --config option).                    
--describe                               List details for the given topics.     
--disable-rack-aware                     Disable rack aware replica assignment  
--force                                  Suppress console prompts               
--help                                   Print usage information.               
--if-exists                              if set when altering or deleting       
                                           topics, the action will only execute 
                                           if the topic exists                  
--if-not-exists                          if set when creating topics, the       
                                           action will only execute if the      
                                           topic does not already exist         
--list                                   List all available topics.             
--partitions <Integer: # of partitions>  The number of partitions for the topic 
                                           being created or altered (WARNING:   
                                           If partitions are increased for a    
                                           topic that has a key, the partition  
                                           logic or ordering of the messages    
                                           will be affected                     
--replica-assignment <String:            A list of manual partition-to-broker   
  broker_id_for_part1_replica1 :           assignments for the topic being      
  broker_id_for_part1_replica2 ,           created or altered.                  
  broker_id_for_part2_replica1 :                                                
  broker_id_for_part2_replica2 , ...>                                           
--replication-factor <Integer:           The replication factor for each        
  replication factor>                      partition in the topic being created.
--topic <String: topic>                  The topic to be create, alter or       
                                           describe. Can also accept a regular  
                                           expression except for --create option
--topics-with-overrides                  if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show topics that have overridden     
                                           configs                              
--unavailable-partitions                 if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show partitions whose leader is not  
                                           available                            
--under-replicated-partitions            if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show under replicated partitions     
--zookeeper <String: hosts>              REQUIRED: The connection string for    
                                           the zookeeper connection in the form 
                                           host:port. Multiple hosts can be     
                                           given to allow fail-over.            

2.2 副本数量规则

副本数量不能大于broker的数量。
kafka 创建主题的时候其副本数量不能大于broker的数量,否则创建主题 topic 失败。

sh kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 2 --partitions 1 --topic test1

报错:

Error while executing topic command : Replication factor: 2 larger than available brokers: 1.
[2022-11-24 14:08:18,745] ERROR org.apache.kafka.common.errors.InvalidReplicationFactorException: 
Replication factor: 2 larger than available brokers: 1.
 (kafka.admin.TopicCommand$)

注意:副本数量和分区数量的区别。

2.3 创建主题

创建主题时候,有3个参数是必填的:

  1. –partitions(分区数量);
  2. –topic(主题名) ;
  3. –replication-factor(复制系数)。

同时还需使用 --create 参数表明本次操作是想要创建一个主题操作。

sh kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test1

返回显示:

Created topic "test1".

另外在创建主题的时候,还可以附加以下两个选项:–if-not-exists 和 --if-exists . 第一个参数表明仅当该主题不存在时候,创建; 第二个参数表明当修改或删除这个主题时候,仅在该主题存在的时候去执行操作。

2.4 查看broker上所有的主题

–list。

 sh kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:2181

结果显示:

test
test1

2.5 查看指定主题 topic 的详细信息

–describe。

sh kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test1 

结果显示:

Topic:test1	PartitionCount:1	ReplicationFactor:1	Configs:
	Topic: test1	Partition: 0	Leader: 0	Replicas: 0	Isr: 0

2.6 修改主题信息之增加主题分区数量

–alter。

sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test1 --alter --partitions 2

结果显示:

WARNING: If partitions are increased for a topic that has a key, the partition logic or ordering of the messages
will be affected
Adding partitions succeeded!

查看主题信息:

sh kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test1

可以看到已经成功的将主题的分区数量从1修改为了2。

Topic:test1	PartitionCount:2	ReplicationFactor:1	Configs:
	Topic: test1	Partition: 0	Leader: 0	Replicas: 0	Isr: 0
	Topic: test1	Partition: 1	Leader: 0	Replicas: 0	Isr: 0

当去修改一个不存在的topic信息时(比如修改主题 test2,当前这主题是不存在的)。

sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test2 --alter --partitions 2

会报错:

Error while executing topic command : Topic test2 does not exist on ZK path localhost:2181
[2022-11-24 14:21:33,564] ERROR java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Topic test2 does not exist on ZK 
path localhost:2181
	at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.alterTopic(TopicCommand.scala:123)
	at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.main(TopicCommand.scala:65)
	at kafka.admin.TopicCommand.main(TopicCommand.scala)
 (kafka.admin.TopicCommand$)

注意:
不要使用 --alter 去尝试减少分区的数量,如果非要减少分区的数量,只能删除整个主题 topic, 然后重新创建。

2.7 删除主题

–delete。

sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --delete --topic test1

日志信息提示,主题 test1已经被标记删除状态,但是若delete.topic.enable 没有设置为 true , 则将不会有任何作用。

Topic test1 is marked for deletion.
Note: This will have no impact if delete.topic.enable is not set to true.

可以测试一下:

# 一个终端启动生产者:
sh kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test1

# 另一个终端启动消费者:
sh kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test1--from-beginning

发现此时还是可以发送消息和接收消息。如果要支持能够删除主题的操作,则需要在 /bin 的同级目录 /config目录下的文件server.properties中,修改配置delete.topic.enable=true(如果置为false,则kafka broker 是不允许删除主题的)。

然后就重启kafka:

# 停止:
sh kafka-server-stop.sh -daemon ../config/server.properties
# 启动:
sh kafka-server-start.sh -daemon ../config/server.properties

再次删除就可以了。

sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --delete --topic test1

你可能感兴趣的:(kafka,kafka)