Redis链表使用

• Redis是优秀的非关系型数据库，源码中的链表是很经典，将其提取使用

/* adlist.c - A generic doubly linked list implementation
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2010, Salvatore Sanfilippo 
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
 *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *     specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */


#include 
#include "adlist.h"

/* change begin */
//#include "zmalloc.h"
#define zmalloc malloc
#define zfree   free
/* change end */

/* Create a new list. The created list can be freed with
 * listRelease(), but private value of every node need to be freed
 * by the user before to call listRelease(), or by setting a free method using
 * listSetFreeMethod.
 *
 * On error, NULL is returned. Otherwise the pointer to the new list. */
list *listCreate(void)
{
    struct list *list;

    if ((list = zmalloc(sizeof(*list))) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    list->head = list->tail = NULL;
    list->len = 0;
    list->dup = NULL;
    list->free = NULL;
    list->match = NULL;
    return list;
}

/* Remove all the elements from the list without destroying the list itself. */
void listEmpty(list *list)
{
    unsigned long len;
    listNode *current, *next;

    current = list->head;
    len = list->len;
    while(len--) {
        next = current->next;
        if (list->free) list->free(current->value);
        zfree(current);
        current = next;
    }
    list->head = list->tail = NULL;
    list->len = 0;
}

/* Free the whole list.
 *
 * This function can't fail. */
void listRelease(list *list)
{
    listEmpty(list);
    zfree(list);
}

/* Add a new node to the list, to head, containing the specified 'value'
 * pointer as value.
 *
 * On error, NULL is returned and no operation is performed (i.e. the
 * list remains unaltered).
 * On success the 'list' pointer you pass to the function is returned. */
list *listAddNodeHead(list *list, void *value)
{
    listNode *node;

    if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    node->value = value;
    listLinkNodeHead(list, node);
    return list;
}

/*
 * Add a node that has already been allocated to the head of list
 */
void listLinkNodeHead(list* list, listNode *node) {
    if (list->len == 0) {
        list->head = list->tail = node;
        node->prev = node->next = NULL;
    } else {
        node->prev = NULL;
        node->next = list->head;
        list->head->prev = node;
        list->head = node;
    }
    list->len++;
}

/* Add a new node to the list, to tail, containing the specified 'value'
 * pointer as value.
 *
 * On error, NULL is returned and no operation is performed (i.e. the
 * list remains unaltered).
 * On success the 'list' pointer you pass to the function is returned. */
list *listAddNodeTail(list *list, void *value)
{
    listNode *node;

    if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    node->value = value;
    listLinkNodeTail(list, node);
    return list;
}

/*
 * Add a node that has already been allocated to the tail of list
 */
void listLinkNodeTail(list *list, listNode *node) {
    if (list->len == 0) {
        list->head = list->tail = node;
        node->prev = node->next = NULL;
    } else {
        node->prev = list->tail;
        node->next = NULL;
        list->tail->next = node;
        list->tail = node;
    }
    list->len++;
}

list *listInsertNode(list *list, listNode *old_node, void *value, int after) {
    listNode *node;

    if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    node->value = value;
    if (after) {
        node->prev = old_node;
        node->next = old_node->next;
        if (list->tail == old_node) {
            list->tail = node;
        }
    } else {
        node->next = old_node;
        node->prev = old_node->prev;
        if (list->head == old_node) {
            list->head = node;
        }
    }
    if (node->prev != NULL) {
        node->prev->next = node;
    }
    if (node->next != NULL) {
        node->next->prev = node;
    }
    list->len++;
    return list;
}

/* Remove the specified node from the specified list.
 * The node is freed. If free callback is provided the value is freed as well.
 *
 * This function can't fail. */
void listDelNode(list *list, listNode *node)
{
    listUnlinkNode(list, node);
    if (list->free) list->free(node->value);
    zfree(node);
}

/*
 * Remove the specified node from the list without freeing it.
 */
void listUnlinkNode(list *list, listNode *node) {
    if (node->prev)
        node->prev->next = node->next;
    else
        list->head = node->next;
    if (node->next)
        node->next->prev = node->prev;
    else
        list->tail = node->prev;

    node->next = NULL;
    node->prev = NULL;

    list->len--;
}

/* Returns a list iterator 'iter'. After the initialization every
 * call to listNext() will return the next element of the list.
 *
 * This function can't fail. */
listIter *listGetIterator(list *list, int direction)
{
    listIter *iter;

    if ((iter = zmalloc(sizeof(*iter))) == NULL) return NULL;
    if (direction == AL_START_HEAD)
        iter->next = list->head;
    else
        iter->next = list->tail;
    iter->direction = direction;
    return iter;
}

/* Release the iterator memory */
void listReleaseIterator(listIter *iter) {
    zfree(iter);
}

/* Create an iterator in the list private iterator structure */
void listRewind(list *list, listIter *li) {
    li->next = list->head;
    li->direction = AL_START_HEAD;
}

void listRewindTail(list *list, listIter *li) {
    li->next = list->tail;
    li->direction = AL_START_TAIL;
}

/* Return the next element of an iterator.
 * It's valid to remove the currently returned element using
 * listDelNode(), but not to remove other elements.
 *
 * The function returns a pointer to the next element of the list,
 * or NULL if there are no more elements, so the classical usage
 * pattern is:
 *
 * iter = listGetIterator(list,);
 * while ((node = listNext(iter)) != NULL) {
 *     doSomethingWith(listNodeValue(node));
 * }
 *
 * */
listNode *listNext(listIter *iter)
{
    listNode *current = iter->next;

    if (current != NULL) {
        if (iter->direction == AL_START_HEAD)
            iter->next = current->next;
        else
            iter->next = current->prev;
    }
    return current;
}

/* Duplicate the whole list. On out of memory NULL is returned.
 * On success a copy of the original list is returned.
 *
 * The 'Dup' method set with listSetDupMethod() function is used
 * to copy the node value. Otherwise the same pointer value of
 * the original node is used as value of the copied node.
 *
 * The original list both on success or error is never modified. */
list *listDup(list *orig)
{
    list *copy;
    listIter iter;
    listNode *node;

    if ((copy = listCreate()) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    copy->dup = orig->dup;
    copy->free = orig->free;
    copy->match = orig->match;
    listRewind(orig, &iter);
    while((node = listNext(&iter)) != NULL) {
        void *value;

        if (copy->dup) {
            value = copy->dup(node->value);
            if (value == NULL) {
                listRelease(copy);
                return NULL;
            }
        } else {
            value = node->value;
        }
        
        if (listAddNodeTail(copy, value) == NULL) {
            /* Free value if dup succeed but listAddNodeTail failed. */
            if (copy->free) copy->free(value);

            listRelease(copy);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    return copy;
}

/* Search the list for a node matching a given key.
 * The match is performed using the 'match' method
 * set with listSetMatchMethod(). If no 'match' method
 * is set, the 'value' pointer of every node is directly
 * compared with the 'key' pointer.
 *
 * On success the first matching node pointer is returned
 * (search starts from head). If no matching node exists
 * NULL is returned. */
listNode *listSearchKey(list *list, void *key)
{
    listIter iter;
    listNode *node;

    listRewind(list, &iter);
    while((node = listNext(&iter)) != NULL) {
        if (list->match) {
            if (list->match(node->value, key)) {
                return node;
            }
        } else {
            if (key == node->value) {
                return node;
            }
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

/* Return the element at the specified zero-based index
 * where 0 is the head, 1 is the element next to head
 * and so on. Negative integers are used in order to count
 * from the tail, -1 is the last element, -2 the penultimate
 * and so on. If the index is out of range NULL is returned. */
listNode *listIndex(list *list, long index) {
    listNode *n;

    if (index < 0) {
        index = (-index)-1;
        n = list->tail;
        while(index-- && n) n = n->prev;
    } else {
        n = list->head;
        while(index-- && n) n = n->next;
    }
    return n;
}

/* Rotate the list removing the tail node and inserting it to the head. */
void listRotateTailToHead(list *list) {
    if (listLength(list) <= 1) return;

    /* Detach current tail */
    listNode *tail = list->tail;
    list->tail = tail->prev;
    list->tail->next = NULL;
    /* Move it as head */
    list->head->prev = tail;
    tail->prev = NULL;
    tail->next = list->head;
    list->head = tail;
}

/* Rotate the list removing the head node and inserting it to the tail. */
void listRotateHeadToTail(list *list) {
    if (listLength(list) <= 1) return;

    listNode *head = list->head;
    /* Detach current head */
    list->head = head->next;
    list->head->prev = NULL;
    /* Move it as tail */
    list->tail->next = head;
    head->next = NULL;
    head->prev = list->tail;
    list->tail = head;
}

/* Add all the elements of the list 'o' at the end of the
 * list 'l'. The list 'other' remains empty but otherwise valid. */
void listJoin(list *l, list *o) {
    if (o->len == 0) return;

    o->head->prev = l->tail;

    if (l->tail)
        l->tail->next = o->head;
    else
        l->head = o->head;

    l->tail = o->tail;
    l->len += o->len;

    /* Setup other as an empty list. */
    o->head = o->tail = NULL;
    o->len = 0;
}

/* Initializes the node's value and sets its pointers
 * so that it is initially not a member of any list.
 */
void listInitNode(listNode *node, void *value) {
    node->prev = NULL;
    node->next = NULL;
    node->value = value;
}

/* adlist.h - A generic doubly linked list implementation
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2012, Salvatore Sanfilippo 
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
 *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *     specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef __ADLIST_H__
#define __ADLIST_H__

/* Node, List, and Iterator are the only data structures used currently. */

typedef struct listNode {
    struct listNode *prev;
    struct listNode *next;
    void *value;
} listNode;

typedef struct listIter {
    listNode *next;
    int direction;
} listIter;

typedef struct list {
    listNode *head;
    listNode *tail;
    void *(*dup)(void *ptr);
    void (*free)(void *ptr);
    int (*match)(void *ptr, void *key);
    unsigned long len;
} list;

/* Functions implemented as macros */
#define listLength(l) ((l)->len)
#define listFirst(l) ((l)->head)
#define listLast(l) ((l)->tail)
#define listPrevNode(n) ((n)->prev)
#define listNextNode(n) ((n)->next)
#define listNodeValue(n) ((n)->value)

#define listSetDupMethod(l,m) ((l)->dup = (m))
#define listSetFreeMethod(l,m) ((l)->free = (m))
#define listSetMatchMethod(l,m) ((l)->match = (m))

#define listGetDupMethod(l) ((l)->dup)
#define listGetFreeMethod(l) ((l)->free)
#define listGetMatchMethod(l) ((l)->match)

/* Prototypes */
list *listCreate(void);
void listRelease(list *list);
void listEmpty(list *list);
list *listAddNodeHead(list *list, void *value);
list *listAddNodeTail(list *list, void *value);
list *listInsertNode(list *list, listNode *old_node, void *value, int after);
void listDelNode(list *list, listNode *node);
listIter *listGetIterator(list *list, int direction);
listNode *listNext(listIter *iter);
void listReleaseIterator(listIter *iter);
list *listDup(list *orig);
listNode *listSearchKey(list *list, void *key);
listNode *listIndex(list *list, long index);
void listRewind(list *list, listIter *li);
void listRewindTail(list *list, listIter *li);
void listRotateTailToHead(list *list);
void listRotateHeadToTail(list *list);
void listJoin(list *l, list *o);
void listInitNode(listNode *node, void *value);
void listLinkNodeHead(list *list, listNode *node);
void listLinkNodeTail(list *list, listNode *node);
void listUnlinkNode(list *list, listNode *node);

/* Directions for iterators */
#define AL_START_HEAD 0
#define AL_START_TAIL 1

#endif /* __ADLIST_H__ */

/* test.c */
#include 
#include 
#include "adlist.h"

// 打印链表元素的函数
void printList(list *myList)
{
    listIter *iter;
    listNode *node;

    printf("链表元素: ");
    iter = listGetIterator(myList, AL_START_HEAD);
    while ((node = listNext(iter)) != NULL)
    {
        printf("%d ", *(int *)listNodeValue(node));
    }
    printf("\n");

    listReleaseIterator(iter);
}

// 设置匹配函数
int matchInt(const void *ptr, const void *key)
{
    return (*(int *)ptr == *(int *)key);
}

// 查找某个值的节点，返回节点指针
listNode *findNode(list *myList, int target)
{
    listNode *foundNode = listSearchKey(myList, &target);
    if (foundNode != NULL)
    {
        printf("在链表中找到元素 %d。\n", *(int *)listNodeValue(foundNode));
    }
    else
    {
        printf("在链表中未找到元素 %d。\n", target);
    }
    return foundNode;
}

// 查找某个值的节点，删除所有匹配节点
listNode *findAndDeleteNodes(list *list, void *target, size_t size)
{
    listNode *foundNode = listSearchKey(list, target);

    while (foundNode != NULL)
    {
        // 删除找到的节点
        listDelNode(list, foundNode);
        // 继续查找下一个匹配的节点
        foundNode = listSearchKey(list, target);
    }

    return NULL; // 返回NULL表示找不到了
}

int main()
{
    // 创建一个新链表
    list *myList = listCreate();
    if (myList == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "创建链表错误。\n");
        return 1;
    }

    // 向链表头部和尾部添加元素
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i)
    {
        int *value = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
        if (value == NULL)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "分配内存错误。\n");
            listRelease(myList);
            return 1;
        }
        *value = i;

        // 将元素添加到链表的头部和尾部
        listAddNodeHead(myList, value);
        listAddNodeTail(myList, value);
    }

    // 打印链表
    printList(myList);

    // 访问头部和尾部的元素
    int frontValue = *(int *)listNodeValue(listFirst(myList));
    int backValue = *(int *)listNodeValue(listLast(myList));
    printf("链表头部元素: %d\n", frontValue);
    printf("链表尾部元素: %d\n", backValue);

    // 删除头部和尾部的元素
    listDelNode(myList, listFirst(myList));
    listDelNode(myList, listLast(myList));

    // 打印链表
    printList(myList);

    // 在指定位置插入一个新元素
    int *newValue = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
    if (newValue == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "分配内存错误。\n");
        listRelease(myList);
        return 1;
    }
    *newValue = 0;
    listNode *insertAfterNode = listIndex(myList, 2); // 在第三个位置后插入
    listInsertNode(myList, insertAfterNode, newValue, 1);

    // 打印链表
    printList(myList);

    // 返回元素数量
    printf("链表中元素数量: %lu\n", listLength(myList));

    // 检查链表是否为空
    printf("链表是否为空: %s\n", listLength(myList) == 0 ? "是" : "否");

    // 设置通用匹配函数
    listSetMatchMethod(myList, matchInt);

    // 查找某个值的节点
    int targetValue = 3;
    listNode *foundNode = findNode(myList, targetValue);
    if (foundNode)
    {
        // 删除节点
        listDelNode(myList, foundNode);
    }

    // 打印最终链表
    printList(myList);

    // 释放链表使用的内存
    listRelease(myList);

    return 0;
}