Kickstart+PXE实现无人值守安装openEuler22.03-LTS

一、本方案是采用两台openEuler22.03虚拟机来实现的，也可用一台虚拟机实现，另需一台安装桌面的centos7.6的虚拟机配合。

   本方案规划如下：

       两台服务器实现无人值守安装

        192.168.254.153 安装DHCP服务、TFTP服务

        192.168.254.154  安装nfs服务

 安装环境：VMware Workstation 

                    虚拟机的网络连接都是nat模式

  环境配置好后，创建好相应配置的虚拟机，不要给虚拟机配置使用镜像，直接开机就好了，注意创建虚拟机时的操作系统版本，选其他 Linux 5.x 内核64位即可。

二、安装配置

192.168.254.153配置如下：

1.基础设置

关闭selinux和防火墙

2.安装DHCP服务

yum -y install dhcp

cp dhcpd.conf dhcpd.conf.bak

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

subnet 192.168.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {             #指定了分配的网段

  range 192.168.254.160 192.168.254.199;             #真实给到客户端的具体地址范围

  option domain-name-servers 192.168.254.153;             #dns服务器就是自己

  option routers 192.168.254.2;                          #给到用户的网关

  default-lease-time 600;                               #默认的等待时长

  max-lease-time 7200;                                  #最大的等待时长

  next-server 192.168.254.153;                          #这里指定tftp的服务器地址

  filename "pxelinux.0";                                #Linux启动文件名

}

systemctl start dhcpd

systemctl enable dhcpd

3.安装tftp服务

yum -y install tftp-server

vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

service tftp

{

        socket_type             = dgram

        protocol                = udp

        wait                    = yes

        user                    = root

        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot  #这个可以自定义，不建议修改，其他默认就可以

        disable                 = no

        per_source              = 11

        cps                     = 100 2

        flags                   = IPv4

}

4.安装syslinux（主要的作用是准备启动所需要的启动文件）

yum -y install syslinux

cp -a /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

mount /dev/cdrom /media/

cp /media/isolinux/* /media/isolinux/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

cp /media/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

chmod 644 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default



default vesamenu.c32

timeout 600



display boot.msg



# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.

# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without

# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.

menu clear

menu background splash.png

menu title openEuler 22.03-LTS

menu vshift 8

menu rows 18

menu margin 8

#menu hidden

menu helpmsgrow 15

menu tabmsgrow 13



# Border Area

menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none



# Selected item

menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none



# Title bar

menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none



# Press [Tab] message

menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none



# Unselected menu item

menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none



# Selected hotkey

menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none



# Unselected hotkey

menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none



# Help text

menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none



# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.

menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none



# Timeout msg

menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none



# Command prompt text

menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none



# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.



menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.



menu separator # insert an empty line

menu separator # insert an empty line



label linux

  menu label ^Install openEuler 22.03-LTS

  kernel vmlinuz

  menu default

  append initrd=initrd.img ks=nfs:192.168.254.154:/ks/ks.cfg

timeout 60

label check

  menu label Test this ^media & install openEuler 22.03-LTS

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=openEuler-22.03-LTS-x86_64 rd.live.check quiet



menu separator # insert an empty line



# utilities submenu

 menu begin ^Troubleshooting

  menu title Troubleshooting



label vesa

  menu indent count 5

  menu label Install openEuler 22.03-LTS in ^basic graphics mode

  text help

       Try this option out if you're having trouble installing

       openEuler 22.03-LTS.

  endtext

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=openEuler-22.03-LTS-x86_64 nomodeset quiet



label rescue

  menu indent count 5

  menu label ^Rescue a openEuler system

  text help

       If the system will not boot, this lets you access files

       and edit config files to try to get it booting again.

  endtext

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=openEuler-22.03-LTS-x86_64 rescue quiet



label memtest

  menu label Run a ^memory test

  text help

       If your system is having issues, a problem with your

       system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to

       see if the memory is working correctly.

  endtext

  kernel memtest



menu separator # insert an empty line



label local

  menu label Boot from ^local drive

  localboot 0xffff



menu separator # insert an empty line

menu separator # insert an empty line



label returntomain

  menu label Return to ^main menu

  menu exit

menu end

systemctl start tftp

systemctl enable tftp

192.168.254.154配置如下

1.关闭防火墙和SELinux

2.安装配置nfs

yum -y install nfs-utils

vim /etc/exports

/ks     192.168.254.0/24(rw,sync)

/media  192.168.254.0/24(rw,sync)

mkdir /ks

3.使用kickstart制作自动应答文件ks.cfg(此步骤需借助centos系统，我使用的是有Gnome桌面的centos7.6)

在centos7.6里面，制作本地yum源，上传centos7.6镜像

cd /etc

mv yum.repos.d yum.repos.d.bak

mkdir yum.repos.d

cd yum.repos.d

vim dvd.repo

[development]

name=Centos7.6

baseurl=file:///mnt

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

mount centos7.6镜像 /mnt

yum clean all && yum makecache

yum -y install system-config-kickstart

下载完成之后，执行system-config-kickstart 启动界面 配置ks.cfg文件

4.system-config-kickstart配置界面：

以下为我自己做时的配置，仅供参考，可按需修改

基本配置(默认语言、键盘、时区、密码、安装后重启)

安装方法（全新安装，nfs安装方式）

安装新引导装载程序选项

 分区信息

 

 网络配置（网卡名称根据实际情况修改）

 防火墙配置

显示配置

 安装后脚本

 保存

然后将此文件拷贝导192.168.254.154的/ks下

vim /ks/ks.cfg （具体为以下配置，装openEuler22.03的话，不同地方最好是修改为下面的配置）

#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T

#version=DEVEL

# Install OS instead of upgrade

#Install openEuler 22.03-LTS

# Keyboard layouts

keyboard 'us'

# Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$BsZ1wjBv$SOxIpTsL5isR8.Ch..lz80

# System language

lang en_US

# System authorization information

auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512

# Use graphical install

graphical

# SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

# Do not configure the X Window System

skipx



# Use NFS installation media

nfs --server=192.168.254.154 --dir=/media   #nfs地址，镜像源目录

# Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

# Network information

network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0  #此处可以修改网卡名称

# Reboot after installation

reboot

# System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

# Disk partitioning information

part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=2048   #此处可以修改各目录的挂载大小

part swap --fstype="xfs" --size=4096

part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=31680



%packages

@base



%end

修改一下ks.cfg文件的权限

chmod 0777 /ks/ks.cfg

然后在同局域网下启动要安装系统的服务器

将客户机设置成网络启动，开机即可。

如上内容有参考其他文章，如有侵权请联系我删除。