stm32-USART串口接收数据包

文章目录

  • 一、知识点
    • 1.HEX数据包
      • a.发送HEX数据包
      • b.接收HEX数据包
    • 2.文本数据包
      • a.发送文本数据包
      • b.接收文本数据包
  • 二、实例
    • 1.串口收发HEX数据包
    • 2.串口收发文本数据包

一、知识点

1.HEX数据包

a.发送HEX数据包

固定包长,含包头包尾
在这里插入图片描述
可变包长,含包头包尾
在这里插入图片描述

包头包尾与数据载荷可能出现重复
对此,我们应该尽量使用固定长度的数据包;其次,我们可以选择增加包头包尾的数量,让包头包尾不与数据载荷相同

b.接收HEX数据包

stm32-USART串口接收数据包_第1张图片

每收到一个字节,函数就会进入一次中断,在中断函数中,可以取出这个字节;通过设置标志位来区分接受的数据包处于包头、数据、还是包尾状态

2.文本数据包

a.发送文本数据包

stm32-USART串口接收数据包_第2张图片
与发送HEX数据包基本类似,就数据内容变成文本型(每个字节就经过一层编码和译码,最终表现出文本格式)

b.接收文本数据包

stm32-USART串口接收数据包_第3张图片

  • hex数据包:传输直接、解析数据简单,适合一些模块发送原始的数据,比如一些使用串口通信的陀螺仪、温湿度传感器,但是灵活性不足、载荷容易和包头包尾重复
  • 文本数据包:数据直观易理解、灵活,适合一些输入指令进行人机交互,但解析效率低.

如:发送100,hex直接发送一个字节100,而文本发送三个字节’1’,‘0’.‘0’,收到之后还要把字符转换程数据,才能得到100。

二、实例

1.串口收发HEX数据包

serial.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include 
#include 

uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[4];				//FF 01 02 03 04 FE(发送包)
uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[4];   //接收包
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;  //接收标志位

void Serial_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1, Byte);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}
}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while (Y --)
	{
		Result *= X;
	}
	return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
	}
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg, format);
	vsprintf(String, format, arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}


void Serial_SendPacket(void)   //发送函数
{
	Serial_SendByte(0xFF);  //发送包头
	Serial_SendArray(Serial_TxPacket, 4);  //发送数据(相当于数组)
	Serial_SendByte(0xFE);  //发送包尾
}

uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void)  //获取数据接收标志位
{
	if (Serial_RxFlag == 1)
	{
		Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)  //数据接收中断函数
{
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;  //数据状态标志位
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;  //数据存储位置
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		if (RxState == 0)  //状态为0,即接收包头
		{
			if (RxData == 0xFF)
			{
				RxState = 1;
				pRxPacket = 0;
			}
		}
		else if (RxState == 1)  //状态为1,即接收数据
		{
			Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = RxData;
			pRxPacket ++;
			if (pRxPacket >= 4)
			{
				RxState = 2;
			}
		}
		else if (RxState == 2)  /状态为2,即接收包尾
		{
			if (RxData == 0xFE)
			{
				RxState = 0;
				Serial_RxFlag = 1;
			}
		}
		
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);  //手动清除标志位
	}
}

serial.h

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H

#include   

extern uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[];  //主函数可调用
extern uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[];  //主函数可调用

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...);

void Serial_SendPacket(void);  
uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void);  

#endif

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "Key.h"

uint8_t KeyNum;

int main(void)
{
	OLED_Init();
	Key_Init();
	Serial_Init();
	
	OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "RxPacket");
	
	Serial_TxPacket[0] = 0x01;
	Serial_TxPacket[1] = 0x02;
	Serial_TxPacket[2] = 0x03;
	Serial_TxPacket[3] = 0x04;
	
	while (1)
	{
		KeyNum = Key_GetNum();  //添加按键模块,按键按下一次,数据加一
		if (KeyNum == 1)
		{
			Serial_TxPacket[0] ++;
			Serial_TxPacket[1] ++;
			Serial_TxPacket[2] ++;
			Serial_TxPacket[3] ++;
			
			Serial_SendPacket();
			
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 1, Serial_TxPacket[0], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 4, Serial_TxPacket[1], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 7, Serial_TxPacket[2], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 10, Serial_TxPacket[3], 2);
		}
		
		if (Serial_GetRxFlag() == 1)  //接收到数据
		{
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 1, Serial_RxPacket[0], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 4, Serial_RxPacket[1], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 7, Serial_RxPacket[2], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 10, Serial_RxPacket[3], 2);
		}
	}
}

2.串口收发文本数据包

serial.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include 
#include 

char Serial_RxPacket[100];				//"@   \r\n"
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;     //接收标志位

void Serial_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1, Byte);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}
}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while (Y --)
	{
		Result *= X;
	}
	return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
	}
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg, format);
	vsprintf(String, format, arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)   //主要是中断函数的修改
{
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;	//静态变量只能在本函数使用
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		if (RxState == 0)
		{
			if (RxData == '@' && Serial_RxFlag == 0)
			{
				RxState = 1;
				pRxPacket = 0;
			}
		}
		else if (RxState == 1)
		{
			if (RxData == '\r')
			{
				RxState = 2;
			}
			else
			{
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = RxData;
				pRxPacket ++;
			}
		}
		else if (RxState == 2)
		{
			if (RxData == '\n')
			{
				RxState = 0;
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = '\0';
				Serial_RxFlag = 1;
			}
		}
		
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "LED.h"
#include "string.h"   //strcmp函数的应用

int main(void)
{
	OLED_Init();
	LED_Init();
	Serial_Init();
	
	OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "RxPacket");
	
	while (1)
	{
		if (Serial_RxFlag == 1)
		{
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, "                ");
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, Serial_RxPacket);
			
			if (strcmp(Serial_RxPacket, "LED_ON") == 0)
			{
				LED1_ON();
				Serial_SendString("LED_ON_OK\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "LED_ON_OK");
			}
			else if (strcmp(Serial_RxPacket, "LED_OFF") == 0)
			{
				LED1_OFF();
				Serial_SendString("LED_OFF_OK\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "LED_OFF_OK");
			}
			else
			{
				Serial_SendString("ERROR_COMMAND\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "ERROR_COMMAND");
			}
			
			Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		}
	}
}

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