原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzhaokai0523/p/4453087.html
curl命令
curl是linux系统命令行下用来简单测试web访问的工具。
curl -xip:port www.baidu.com -x可以指定ip和端口，省略写hosts，方便实用
-I 只显示状态码
-v 显示详细过程，可视化操作；
-u 指定用户名和密码
-O 下载网页文件
-o 自定义下载文件名
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[root@localhost ~]# curl -x61.135.157.156:80 www.qq.com -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: squid/3.4.1
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2015 13:57:51 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Expires: Mon, 20 Apr 2015 13:58:51 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=60
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Cache: HIT from tianjin.qq.com
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HTTP 200 代表网页正常。
curl -Iv www.qq.com -I可以把访问的内容略掉，只显示状态码，-v可以显示详细过程
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[root@yong ~]# curl -Iv www.qq.com
* About to connect() to www.qq.com port 80 (#0)
* Trying 180.96.86.192... connected
* Connected to www.qq.com (180.96.86.192) port 80 (#0)
> HEAD / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (i386-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.16.2.3 Basic ECC zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2
> Host: www.qq.com
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: squid/3.4.1
Server: squid/3.4.1
< Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:38:47 GMT
Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:38:47 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312
Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312
< Connection: keep-alive
Connection: keep-alive
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
Vary: Accept-Encoding
< Expires: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:39:47 GMT
Expires: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:39:47 GMT
< Cache-Control: max-age=60
Cache-Control: max-age=60
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
Vary: Accept-Encoding
< X-Cache: HIT from nanjing.qq.com
X-Cache: HIT from nanjing.qq.com
<
* Connection #0 to host www.qq.com left intact
* Closing connection #0
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curl -u user:password www.hao123.com -u可以指定用户名和密码
使用-O 下载web网页；
示例，下载51cto博客网页，下载下来的文件是HTML文档；
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[root@yong ~]# curl http://8802265.blog.51cto.com/8792265/1636847 -O
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 68527 0 68527 0 0 176k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 224k
[root@yong ~]# file 1636847
1636847: ISO-8859 HTML document text, with very long lines
[root@yong ~]# ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68527 Apr 24 09:38 1636847
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还可以使用 -o 自定义下载的名字
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[root@yong ~]# curl http://8802265.blog.51cto.com/8792265/1636847 -o blog.html
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 68527 0 68527 0 0 87925 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 98k
[root@yong ~]# ls -l blog.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68527 Apr 24 09:43 blog.html
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linux下网络相关的几个命令
ping 测试网络是否通
格式：ping www.baidu.com -c 3 -c参数指定ping的次数
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[root@yong ~]# ping www.baidu.com -c 3
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.97.33.108) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=32.6 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=28.5 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=29.2 ms
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2034ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 28.558/30.130/32.623/1.788 ms
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telnet 测试端口是否打开
安装telnet命令：yum install -y telnet
示例，访问百度的80端口可以连接，3389端口是关闭的；
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[root@yong ~]# telnet www.qq.com 80
Trying 180.96.86.192...
Connected to www.qq.com
Escape character is '^]'.
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[root@yong ~]# telnet www.qq.com 3389
Trying 180.96.86.192...
telnet: connect to address 180.96.86.192: Connection timed out
Trying 240e:e1:8100:28::2:16...
telnet: connect to address 240e:e1:8100:28::2:16: Network is unreachable
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traceroute 追踪路由表
安装traceroute命令： yum install -y traceroute
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[root@yong ~]# traceroute www.qq.com
traceroute to www.qq.com (180.96.86.192), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1) 1.397 ms * *
2 192.168.4.1 (192.168.4.1) 2.950 ms 2.415 ms 2.930 ms
3 113.116.76.1 (113.116.76.1) 5.948 ms 5.539 ms 5.138 ms
4 113.106.43.101 (113.106.43.101) 3.044 ms 3.567 ms 3.901 ms
5 219.133.30.238 (219.133.30.238) 3.454 ms 3.070 ms 2.654 ms
6 183.56.65.86 (183.56.65.86) 6.279 ms 5.681 ms 183.56.66.2 (183.56.66.2) 4.197 ms
7 202.97.48.109 (202.97.48.109) 26.995 ms 26.693 ms 27.072 ms
8 61.160.134.26 (61.160.134.26) 442.708 ms 442.285 ms 440.784 ms
9 202.102.69.206 (202.102.69.206) 24.608 ms 202.102.69.202 (202.102.69.202) 28.271 ms 202.102.73.14 (202.102.73.14) 30.530 ms
10 180.96.48.6 (180.96.48.6) 23.971 ms 180.96.51.102 (180.96.51.102) 27.870 ms 27.521 ms
11 180.96.35.182 (180.96.35.182) 25.203 ms 180.96.48.206 (180.96.48.206) 23.814 ms 180.96.35.182 (180.96.35.182) 25.058 ms
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dig，全称Domain Information Groper 域名信息搜索器，用于询问DNS的灵活的工具，显示从受请求的域名服务器返回的答复。和windows里面的nslookup一样的功能。
安装dig命令：yum install -y bind-utils
使用方法： dig @域名服务器 www.baidu.com
[root@yong ~]# dig @114.114.114.114 www.qq.com
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; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.2 <<>> @114.114.114.114 www.qq.com
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 9644
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.qq.com.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.qq.com.181INA14.17.42.40
www.qq.com.181INA59.37.96.63
www.qq.com.181INA14.17.32.211
;; Query time: 46 msec
;; SERVER: 114.114.114.114#53(114.114.114.114)
;; WHEN: Fri Apr 24 09:53:01 2015
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 76
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nc （netcat）功能强大的网络工具，扫描端口；
安装nc的命令：yum install -y nc
格式：nc -z -w2 -v www.baidu.com 1-1024
-w2 表示2s超时；port 可以只写一个端口，也可以写一个范围。使用nc扫描端口时，必须要加 -z（将输入输出关闭）否则不显示结果。-v 显示详细信息，会把不开放的端口也显示出来；
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[root@yong ~]# nc -z -w2 www.baidu.com 80
Connection to www.baidu.com 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
[root@yong ~]# nc -z -v -w2 www.baidu.com 20-22
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 20 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 20 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
Connection to www.baidu.com 21 port [tcp/ftp] succeeded!
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 22 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 22 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
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