J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD

第一个纯servletCURD

  • 前言
    • 在此之前
  • 一,概述
  • 二、CURD
    • 1介绍
    • 2查询并列表显示
      • 准备实体类country
      • 编写 CountryListServlet
      • 配置web.xml
      • 为web应用导入mysql-jdbc的jar包
    • 3增加
      • 准备增加的页面addc.html
      • 编写 CAddServlet
      • 配置web.xml
      • 测试
    • 4删除
      • 修改CountryListServlet(提供delete超链)
      • 编写CDeleteServlet
      • 配置web.xml
    • 5修改
      • 修改CountryListServlet (提供edit超链)
      • 准备CEditServlet(获取历史数据)
      • 准备CUpdateServlet(修改数据)
      • 配置web.xml
  • 三,总结

前言

很久以前便决定学习java了,那个时候还不知道J2EE到底是什么。逐渐地走了很远,才发现曾经遇到的、复现的java网站和赛题都只是一知半解。现如今总算是半只脚迈入了javaweb的大门,将成果分享一下,以供后来者参考。
注意:纯servlet项目和jsp项目有一定区别,后续学习若有成果会再次分享。

在此之前

说在前面,想要掌握CURD的基本知识需要一定基础,有关java的集合框架;servlet的部署、调用、request(response)方法;eclipse部署等要有一定了解(相信参考这篇文章学习的你已经掌握了上述知识)。

一,概述

Java2平台包括:标准版(J2SE)、企业版(J2EE)和微缩版(J2ME)三个版。
J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第1张图片简而言之,j2EE是一种网站开发标准或者说接口。

二、CURD

备注:表格结构
J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第2张图片mysql安装的示例类。这里把city和countrylanguage的外键都删除了,然后为country表新增了一个id列,保留了Name、SurfaceArea、Population这三个字段(String,int,float各一个),其他全部删除。
J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第3张图片

1介绍

CRUD是常见的页面功能,即我们常说的增删改查
C - Creation 增加
R - Retrieve 查询
U - Update 修改
D - DELETE 删除

备注:实体类一般定义在bean包中,DAO类一般定义在dao包中,Servlet一般定义在servlet包中,便于管理。

2查询并列表显示

准备实体类country

country表有Code、Name、Continent、Region、SurfaceArea、IndepYear、Population、LifeExpectancy、GNP、GNPOld、LocalName、GovernmentForm、HeadOfState、Capital、Code2等列名。
选择name、surfacearea、population三个(string、float、int各一个)作为country类的属性
并且为每一个属性提供public的getter和setter。

package world;
public class country {
    public int id;
    public String name;
    public float surfacearea;
    public int population;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public float getsurfacearea() {
        return surfacearea;
    }
    public void setsurfacearea(float surfacearea) {
        this.surfacearea = surfacearea;
    }
    public int getpopulation() {
        return population;
    }
    public void setpopulation(int population) {
        this.population = population;
    }
     
}

准备一个CountryDAO,提供增加,删除,修改,查询等常规数据库操作方法
注意,查表的结果与字段顺序有关,若表结构更换,以下获取字段的序号都要更换。

package world;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
import world.country;
  
public class countrydao {
  
    public countrydao() {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
  
    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/world?characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root","123456");
    }
  
    public int getTotal() {
        int total = 0;
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
  
            String sql = "select count(*) from country";
  
            ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(sql);
            while (rs.next()) {
                total = rs.getInt(1);
            }
  
            System.out.println("total:" + total);
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return total;
    }
  
    public void add(country country) {
  
        String sql = "insert into country values(null,?,?,?)";
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
  
            ps.setString(1, country.name);
            ps.setFloat(2, country.surfacearea);
            ps.setInt(3, country.population);
  
            ps.execute();
  
            ResultSet rs = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
            if (rs.next()) {
                int id = rs.getInt(1);
                country.id = id;
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
  
    public void update(country country) {
  
        String sql = "update country set name= ?, surfacearea = ? , population = ? where id = ?";
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
  
            ps.setString(1, country.name);
            ps.setFloat(2, country.surfacearea);
            ps.setInt(3, country.population);
            ps.setInt(4, country.id);
  
            ps.execute();
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
  
    }
  
    public void delete(int id) {
  
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
  
            String sql = "delete from country where id = " + id;
  
            s.execute(sql);
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
  
    public country get(int id) {//返回值为country类的get方法
            country country = null;
  
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
  
            String sql = "select * from country where id = " + id;
  
            ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(sql);
  
            if (rs.next()) {
                    country = new country();
                String name = rs.getString(2);//获取表的第3个列名
                float surfacearea = rs.getFloat("surfacearea");
                int population = rs.getInt(4);//获取表的第8个列名
                country.name = name;
                country.surfacearea = surfacearea;
                country.population = population;
                country.id = id;
            }
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return country;
    }
  
    public List<country> list() {
        return list(0, Short.MAX_VALUE);
    }
  
    public List<country> list(int start, int count) {
        List<country> countries = new ArrayList<country>();
  
        String sql = "select * from country order by id desc limit ?,? ";
  
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
  
            ps.setInt(1, start);
            ps.setInt(2, count);
  
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
  
            while (rs.next()) {
                    country country = new country();
                int id = rs.getInt(1);
                String name = rs.getString(2);
                float surfacearea = rs.getFloat("surfacearea");
                int population = rs.getInt(4);
                country.id = id;
                country.name = name;
                country.surfacearea = surfacearea;
                country.population = population;
                countries.add(country);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return countries;
    }
  
}

编写 CountryListServlet

做一个Country的维护页面需要一些通用的操作,比如增加,删除,编辑,修改,查询等。
每个不同的操作,都需要一个对应的Servlet,除了做Country之外,还会做到其他的一些表的相关操作,所以好的规范会对将来的维护更有好处。
一般会这样命名,以查询为例 CountryListServlet : [表][行为]Servlet 这样一种命名规则。
所以对于Country而言就会如此命名:
增加 CountryAddServlet
删除 CountryDeleteServlet
编辑 CountryEditServlet
修改 CountryUpdateServlet
查询 CountryListServlet
在CountryListServlet中,会使用CountryDAO把数据查询出来,然后拼接成一个table用于显示其内容

package world;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import world.country;
import world.countrydao;
 
public class CountryListServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
         
        List<country> countries = new countrydao().list();
 
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("\r\n");
        sb.append("\r\n");String trFormat ="\r\n";for(country country : countries){String tr =String.format(trFormat, country.getId(), country.getName(), country.getsurfacearea(), country.getpopulation());
            sb.append(tr);}
 
        sb.append("
idnamesurfaceareapopulation
%d%s%f%d
"
); response.getWriter().write(sb.toString()); } }

配置web.xml

在web.xml中把路径 listHero映射到HeroListServlet上。


<web-app>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HelloServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>HelloServletservlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>10load-on-startup>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HelloServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hellourl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>
     
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LoginServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>LoginServletservlet-class>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LoginServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/loginurl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>   
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>RegisterServletservlet-class>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/registerurl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>
     
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>CountryListServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>world.CountryListServletservlet-class>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>CountryListServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/listcurl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>   
         
web-app>

为web应用导入mysql-jdbc的jar包

把 mysql 的jar包放在WEB-INF/lib 目录下
放在WEB-INF/lib 下指的是能够web应用中找到对应的class,如果要在eclipse中做调试,还是需要为项目添加该jar才可以。

3增加

准备增加的页面addc.html

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

表示用UTF-8显示中文,同时浏览器也会使用UTF-8编码提交中文
form:
action设置为addHero路径
method设置为post 也是为了提交中文
在web目录下添加

DOCTYPE html>
 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 
<form action="addc" method="post">
        国家名称 : <input type="text" name="name"> <br>
        国土面积: <input type="text" name="surfacearea"> <br>
        人口数量: <input type="text" name="population"> <br>
         <input type="submit" value="增加 ">
form>

J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第4张图片

编写 CAddServlet

HeroAddServlet 中根据浏览器传过来的参数,创建一个Hero对象。 接着通过HeroDAO把该对象保存到数据库中。
最后使用客户端跳转到listHero查看所有的Hero,就能看到新加入的Hero对象了
request.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”);
表示使用UTF-8的方式获取浏览器传过来的中文

package world;

import java.io.IOException;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import world.country;
import world.countrydao;
 
public class CAddServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
 
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
 
        country country = new country();
        country.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
        country.setsurfacearea(Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("surfacearea")));
        country.setpopulation(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("population")));
         
        new countrydao().add(country);
 
        response.sendRedirect("/j2ee/listc");
         
    }
}

配置web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HeroAddServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet.HeroAddServletservlet-class>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HeroAddServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/addHerourl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>    

测试

重启tomcat,访问增加页面http://127.0.0.1/addc.html
提交数据,接着客户端跳转到/j2ee/lisc,就可以显示新增加的这条数据了
J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第5张图片

4删除

修改CountryListServlet(提供delete超链)

修改CountryListServlet,多一个单元格,是一个超链
超链的href属性指向地址 /deleteC?id=242(每条不同的记录id不一样)
可以在左下角的浏览器状态栏里看到

package world;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import world.country;
import world.countrydao;
 
public class CountryListServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
         
        List<country> countries = new countrydao().list();
 
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("\r\n");
        sb.append("\r\n");String trFormat ="\r\n";for(country country : countries){String tr =String.format(trFormat, country.getId(), country.getName(), country.getsurfacearea(), country.getpopulation(), country.getId());
            sb.append(tr);}
 
        sb.append("
idnamesurfaceareapopulationdelete
%d%s%f%ddelete
"
); response.getWriter().write(sb.toString()); } }

J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第6张图片

编写CDeleteServlet

首先获取参数id
然后通过countrydao根据id,删除该对象
然后客户端跳转到 /listc

package world;

import java.io.IOException;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import world.country;
 
public class CDeleteServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
 
        int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
         
        new countrydao().delete(id);
 
        response.sendRedirect("/j2ee/listc");
         
    }
}

配置web.xml

把/deletec指向CDeleteServlet

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>CDeleteServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>world.CDeleteServletservlet-class>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>CDeleteServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/deletecurl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>    

J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第7张图片

5修改

修改CountryListServlet (提供edit超链)

新增加一列 edit,里面放上指向 /edit的超链

package world;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import world.country;
import world.countrydao;
 
public class CountryListServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
         
        List<country> countries = new countrydao().list();
 
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("\r\n");
        sb.append("\r\n");String trFormat ="\r\n";for(country country : countries){String tr =String.format(trFormat, country.getId(), country.getName(), country.getsurfacearea(), country.getpopulation(), country.getId(), country.getId());
            sb.append(tr);}
 
        sb.append("
idnamesurfaceareapopulationeditdelete
%d%s%f%deditdelete
"
); response.getWriter().write(sb.toString()); } }

J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第8张图片

准备CEditServlet(获取历史数据)

CEditServlet 根据浏览器传过来的id获取一个country对象
然后根据这个对象,准备一个类似add.html的页面,不同之处在于每个输入框都是有值的。
最后还会提供一个type="hidden"的input,用于提交id到路径/update

package world;

import java.io.IOException;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import world.country;
import world.countrydao;
 
public class CEditServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
 
        int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
 
        country country = new countrydao().get(id);
 
        StringBuffer format = new StringBuffer();
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
 
        format.append("");
 
        format.append("
"); format.append("国家名称:
"
); format.append("国土面积:
"
); format.append("人口数量:
"
); format.append(""); format.append(""); format.append(""
); String html = String.format(format.toString(), country.getName(), country.getsurfacearea(), country.getpopulation(), country.getId()); response.getWriter().write(html); } }

J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第9张图片

准备CUpdateServlet(修改数据)

package world;

import java.io.IOException;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import world.country;
import world.countrydao;
 
public class CUpdateServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
 
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
 
        country country = new country();
        country.setId(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id")));
        country.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
        country.setsurfacearea(Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("surfacearea")));
        country.setpopulation(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("population")));
 
        new countrydao().update(country);
 
        response.sendRedirect("/j2ee/listc");
 
    }
}

J2EE征程——第一个纯servletCURD_第10张图片

配置web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>CEditServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>world.CEditServletservlet-class>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>CEditServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/editurl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>

   <servlet>
        <servlet-name>CUpdateServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>world.CUpdateServletservlet-class>
    servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>CUpdateServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/updateurl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>

三,总结

以上便是整个CURD案例的全部源代码了,每一步都有详细的介绍,虽然参考了其他的学习案例,但是本测试是根据mysql的案例类专门设计的。测试的过程中,基本把所有的报错都踩了一边,略有感慨,小写一篇文章以分享和记录。

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