day43-nginx七层+四层负载均衡

1.七层负载均衡

  • 根据url 调度不同的集群 url.oldxu.com
    10.0.0.5
    10.0.0.7 /pass
    10.0.0.8 /user
    (1)web01和web02配置 (只不过代码不一样)
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name url.oldxu.com;
    root /code;

    location / {
        index index.html;
    }

(2)lb配置

[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat proxy_url.oldxu.com.conf 
upstream user {
    server 172.16.1.8;
}
upstream pass {
    server 172.16.1.7;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name url.oldxu.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://user;
        include proxy_params;
    }
    location /user {
                proxy_pass http://user;
                include proxy_params;
    }
    location /pass {
                proxy_pass http://pass;
                include proxy_params;
    }
}

(3)启动
[root@lb01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

  • 根据设备调度不同的集群 ( 浏览器 ) ( 手机 )
    10.0.0.5
    10.0.0.7 pc
    10.0.0.8 phone
    (1)所有的web都需要配置 ( 代码不一样)
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/agent.oldxu.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name agent.oldxu.com;
    root /code;

    location / {
        index index.html;
    }

}

(2)代理的配置

[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat proxy_agent.oldxu.com.conf 
upstream pc {
    server 172.16.1.7:80;
}

upstream phone {
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name agent.oldxu.com;
    location / {
        #默认都走pc
        proxy_pass http://pc;
        include proxy_params;
        default_type text/html;
        charset utf-8;

        #如果是安卓或iphone,则走phone
        if ( $http_user_agent ~* "android|iphone|iPad" ) {
            proxy_pass http://phone;
        }

        #如果是IE浏览器,要么拒绝,要么返回一个好的浏览器下载页面
        if ( $http_user_agent ~*  "MSIE" ) {
            return 200 '点击下载正版浏览器google.exe';
        }
    }
}

2.在使用proxy_pass反向代理时,最后结尾添加/和不添加/有什么区别

(1)不添加 /
用户如果请求: http://url.oldxu.com/user
会被代理至后端: http://url.oldxu.com/user

(2)添加 / 
    用户如果请求: http://url.oldxu.com/user
    会被代理至后端:  http://url.oldxu.com/

3.四层负载均衡
(1)什么是四层
OSI 传输层 TCP/IP UDP/TCP(四层是基于转发方式)
(2)四层负载均衡使用场景
①四层负载均衡 + 七层负载均衡
②dns + 多机房 + 四层负载均衡+七层负载均衡
③SOA 松耦合架构
登录 passport.jd.com
注册 reg.jd.com
商品详情 pro.jd.com
(3)基于端口的转发

                nginx 7层        web01       MySQL
    nginx 4层  +                     web02       NFS
                    nginx 7层        web03       Redis
                    10.0.0.6

(4)nginx是1.9版本以后才引入的四层负载均衡
stream模块实现,但stream不能出现在http层
--with-stream
-with-stream_ssl_module
-with-stream_realip_module

stream {
            upstream backend {
                hash $remote_addr consistent;
                server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5;
                server 127.0.0.1:12345 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
                server unix:/tmp/backend3;
            }
            server {
                listen 12345;
                proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
                proxy_timeout 3s;
                proxy_pass backend;
            }
        }

4.nginx四层+nginx七层+web集群--->场景

(1)定义四层配置文件路径:

[root@lb-4 nginx]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    include /etc/nginx/conf.c/*.conf;   

(2)进行初始化操作

    [root@lb-4 ~]# rm -f /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
    [root@lb-4 nginx]# mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.c

(3).配置四层负载均衡

    [root@lb-4 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.c/all.conf 
    stream {
        upstream blog {
            server 172.16.1.5:80;
            server 172.16.1.6:80;
        }

        server {
            listen 80;
            proxy_pass blog;
            proxy_timeout 3s;
            proxy_connect_timeout 3s;
        }
    }

5.基于端口的转发:

需求: 用户连接10.0.0.4的6666端口,其实连接的是172.16.1.7的22/TCP端口
需求: 用户连接10.0.0.4的5555端口,其实连接的是172.16.1.51的3306/TCP端口

        [root@lb-4 conf.c]# cat blog.oldxu.com.conf 
        stream {
            upstream ssh {
                server 172.16.1.7:22;
            }
            upstream mysql {
                server 172.16.1.51:3306;
            }
            
            server {
                listen 6666;
                proxy_pass ssh;
            }

            server {
                listen 5555;
                proxy_pass mysql;
            }
        }
        

6.四层负载均衡怎么记录日志 必须在stream层,不能出现在http层

    log_format  proxy '$remote_addr -  [$time_local]  $status $protocol'
                '   "$upstream_addr" "$upstream_bytes_sent" "$upstream_connect_time"' ;

        access_log /var/log/nginx/tcp.log proxy;
             

7.配置阿里云四层负载均衡 实现端口转发

    (1)公网666转到内网的22
    (2)公网80 转到内网的多台7层负载均衡的80  

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