官方教程#4-1-表单

• 表单模板

{{ question.question_text }}

{% if error_message %}
{{ error_message }}
{% endif %}


{% csrf_token %}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
    
    {{ choice.choice_text }}

{% endfor %}

• 使用'post'方法提交表单

  Whenever you create a form that alters data server-side, use method="post". This tip isn’t specific to Django; it’s just good Web development practice.

• forloop.counter 返回循环中'for'标签已经被执行过几次
• 使用'post'方法提交时，需要添加{% csrf_token %}模板标签

---

• 表单url

# polls/urls.py

url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote')
# views.vote指定视图函数
# name='vote'则用于模板或者reverse()函数反向找到对应的url

---

• 视图函数

# polls/views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse

from .models import Choice, Question
# ...
def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))

• 在保存了表单提交的数据后，通过HttpResponseRedirect()函数转到指定页面（HttpResponseRedirect()函数只需要一个URL参数）

  As the Python comment above points out, you should always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing with POST data. This tip isn’t specific to Django; it’s just good Web development practice.

• 使用reverse()函数可以避免URL的硬编码。

reverse(viewname, urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None)
# 其中viewname参数的格式同模板中{% url %}使用的格式相同

---

• 展示结果

# polls/views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render


def results(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})

# polls/urls.py
url(r'^(?P[0-4]+)/results/$, views.results, name='results')

{{ question.question_text }}


{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
    
{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}
{% endfor %}


Vote again?

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