安装 Docker

平台支持

Docker CE 支持多种平台，如下表所示

桌面

平台	架构
Docker Desktop for Mac (macOS)	X64
Docker Desktop for Windows (Microsoft Windows 10)	X64

服务器

平台	x86_64 / amd64	ARM	ARM64 / AARCH64	IBM Power (ppc64le)	IBM Z (s390x)
CentOS	✔		✔
Debian	✔	✔	✔
Fedora	✔		✔
Ubuntu	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔

准备安装

卸载旧版本

就版本的Docker称为docker或者docker-engine，使用以下命令卸载旧版本

sudo apt-get remove docker \
               docker-engine \
               docker.io

Ubuntu 14.04 可选内核模块

Ubuntu 16.04 +

Ubuntu 16.04 + 上的 Docker CE 默认使用 overlay2 存储层驱动,无需手动配置。

使用 APT 安装

安装必要的一些系统工具

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

安装 GPG 证书

curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

写入软件源信息

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

更新并安装 Docker CE

sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce

启动 Docker CE

 sudo systemctl enable docker
 sudo systemctl start docker

验证安装是否成功

 docker run hello-world



Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
ca4f61b1923c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:be0cd392e45be79ffeffa6b05338b98ebb16c87b255f48e297ec7f98e123905c
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://cloud.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

配置 Docker 镜像加速器

阿里云加速器（推荐）

点击链接获取

官方提供中国区镜像

https://registry.docker-cn.com

配置加速器

以配置阿里云加速器为例，首先登录阿里云（没有账号请先注册），搜索 容器镜像服务

找到你的专属加速器

通过修改 daemon 配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 来使用加速器

tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

# 重启 Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

验证配置是否成功

docker info

# 输出如下
Containers: 38
 Running: 18
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 20
Images: 10
Server Version: 18.09.6
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84
runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 apparmor
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.15.0-51-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.924GiB
Name: kubernetes-master
ID: PJ4H:7AF2:P5UT:6FMR:W4DI:SSWR:IQQR:J6QO:ARES:BOAC:ZVMO:SV2Y
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
## 这里是你配置的镜像加速器
Registry Mirrors:
 https://xxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

WARNING: No swap limit support

运行第一个容器

我们以 Nginx 为例，体验 Docker 是如何运行容器的

# 下载镜像
docker pull nginx

# 运行容器
docker run --name nginx-container -p 80:80 -d nginx

浏览器输入虚拟机地址即可访问 Nginx

Ubuntu安装Docker