前言
-
1、为什么要使用mongodb?
image.png - 2、什么场景下使用mongdb?
- 应用不需要事务及复杂 join 支持必须
- 新应用，需求会变，数据模型无法确定，想快速迭代开发
- 应用需要2000-3000以上的读写QPS(更高也可以)
- 应用需要TB甚至 PB 级别数据存储
- 应用发展迅速，需要能快速水平扩展
- 应用要求存储的数据不丢失
- 应用需要99.999%高可用
- 应用需要大量的地理位置查询、文本查询
如果上述有1个 Yes，可以考虑 MongoDB，2个及以上的 Yes，选择MongoDB绝不会后悔
SpringBoot快速使用
配置
1、pom.xml配置
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb
2、application.propertiesp配置
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://192.168.0.13/test
完整配置
spring.data.mongodb.authentication-database= # Authentication database name.
spring.data.mongodb.database= # Database name.
spring.data.mongodb.field-naming-strategy= # Fully qualified name of the FieldNamingStrategy to use.
spring.data.mongodb.grid-fs-database= # GridFS database name.
spring.data.mongodb.host= # Mongo server host. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.password= # Login password of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.port= # Mongo server port. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.repositories.type=auto # Type of Mongo repositories to enable.
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://localhost/test # Mongo database URI. Cannot be set with host, port and credentials.
spring.data.mongodb.username= # Login user of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI.
配置好了之后就直接可以注入MongoTemplate操作数据了
增/删/改/查例子
1、增
首先创建一个实体类，我们这边用文章来做实体类，定义如下字段:
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;
/**
* 文章信息
* @author yinjihuan
*
*/
@Document(collection = "article_info")
public class Article {
@Id
private String id;
@Field("title")
private String title;
@Field("url")
private String url;
@Field("author")
private String author;
@Field("tags")
private List tags;
@Field("visit_count")
private Long visitCount;
@Field("add_time")
private Date addTime;
//省略get set方法
}
实体类中的注解解释如下：
1.Document注解标识这是一个文档，等同mysql中的表,collection值表示mongodb中集合的名称，不写默认为实体类名article。
2.Id注解为主键标识
3.Field注解为字段标识，指定值为字段名称，这边有个小技巧，之所有spring-data.mongodb中有这样的注解，是为了能够让用户自定义字段名称，可以和实体类不一致，还有个好处就是可以用缩写，比如username我们可以配置成unane或者un,这样的好处是节省了存储空间，mongodb的存储方式是key value形式的，每个key就会重复存储，key其实就占了很大一份存储空间。
接下来可以操作数据库了，接着上次，在测试类里写代码
@Autowired
private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
/**
* 初始化文章信息
* @author yinjihuan
*/
public static void initArticle() {
//循环添加
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Article article = new Article();
article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用");
article.setAuthor("yinjihuan");
article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i);
article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring"));
article.setVisitCount(0L);
article.setAddTime(new Date());
mongoTemplate.save(article);
}
//批量添加
List articles = new ArrayList<>(10);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Article article = new Article();
article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用");
article.setAuthor("yinjihuan");
article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i);
article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring"));
article.setVisitCount(0L);
article.setAddTime(new Date());
articles.add(article);
}
mongoTemplate.insert(articles, Article.class);
}
在数据量大的情况下批量添加性能会更好哦。
2、删
//删除author为yinjihuan的数据
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
mongoTemplate.remove(query, Article.class);
//如果实体类中没配集合名词，可在删除的时候单独指定article_info
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
mongoTemplate.remove(query, "article_info");
//删除集合，可传实体类，也可以传名称
mongoTemplate.dropCollection(Article.class);
mongoTemplate.dropCollection("article_info");
//删除数据库
mongoTemplate.getDb().dropDatabase();
下面这2种适合要知道删除的数据有哪些的场景，比如记录删除的记录
//查询出符合条件的第一个结果，并将符合条件的数据删除,只会删除第一条
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Article article = mongoTemplate.findAndRemove(query, Article.class);
//查询出符合条件的所有结果，并将符合条件的所有数据删除
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
List articles = mongoTemplate.findAllAndRemove(query, Article.class);
1、改
首先初始化需要修改的数据
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
"title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"java",
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 0,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
"title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"java",
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 0,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
java 代码
//修改第一条author为yinjihuan的数据中的title和visitCount
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Update update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, Article.class);
修改后结果如下,我们会发现第一条数据的title还有visit_count被修改了
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"java",
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 10,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
"title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"java",
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 0,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
修改全部符合条件的
//修改全部符合条件的
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
特殊更新，更新author为jason的数据，如果没有author为jason的数据则以此条件创建一条新的数据
//特殊更新，更新author为jason的数据，如果没有author为jason的数据则以此条件创建一条新的数据
//当没有符合条件的文档，就以这个条件和更新文档为基础创建一个新的文档，如果找到匹配的文档就正常的更新。
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.upsert(query, update, Article.class);
修改后结果如下,我们会发现新增了一条数据
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"java",
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 10,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"java",
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 10,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
"author": "jason",
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"visit_count": 10
}
更新条件不变，更新字段改成了一个我们集合中不存在的，用set方法如果更新的key不存在则创建一个新的key
//更新条件不变，更新字段改成了一个我们集合中不存在的，用set方法如果更新的key不存在则创建一个新的key
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("money", 100);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
修改后结果如下,我们会发现新加了一个ke
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
"author": "jason",
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"visit_count": 10,
"money":100
}
update的inc方法用于做累加操作，将money在之前的基础上加上100
//update的inc方法用于做累加操作，将money在之前的基础上加上100
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").inc("money", 100);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
修改列名
//update的rename方法用于修改key的名称
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").rename("visitCount", "vc");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
"author": "jason",
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"vc": 10,
"money":200
}
删除key
//update的unset方法用于删除key
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").unset("vc");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
"author": "jason",
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"money":200
}
update的pull方法用于删除tags数组中的java
//update的pull方法用于删除tags数组中的java
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").pull("tags", "java");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 10,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
"_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
"title": "MongoTemplate",
"url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
"author": "yinjihuan",
"tags": [
"mongodb",
"spring"
],
"visit_count": 10,
"add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
1、查
查询，无论是关系型数据库还是mongodb这种nosql，都是使用比较多的，大部分操作都是读的操作。
mongodb的查询方式很多种，下面只列了一些常用的，比如：
1.=查询
2.模糊查询
3.大于小于范围查询
4.in查询
5.or查询
6.查询一条，查询全部
7.自己慢慢学习...
根据作者查询所有符合条件的数据，返回List
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
List articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
只查询符合条件的第一条数据，返回Article对象
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Article article = mongoTemplate.findOne(query, Article.class);
查询集合中所有数据，不加条件
articles = mongoTemplate.findAll(Article.class);
查询符合条件的数量
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
long count = mongoTemplate.count(query, Article.class);
根据主键ID查询
article = mongoTemplate.findById(new ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), Article.class);
in查询
List authors = Arrays.asList("yinjihuan", "jason");
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").in(authors));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
ne（!=）查询
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").ne("yinjihuan"));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
lt(<)查询访问量小于10的文章
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").lt(10));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
范围查询，大于5小于10
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").gt(5).lt(10));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
模糊查询，author中包含a的数据
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").regex("a"));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
数组查询，查询tags里数量为3的数据
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("tags").size(3));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
or查询，查询author=jason的或者visitCount=0的数据
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("").orOperator(
Criteria.where("author").is("jason"),
Criteria.where("visitCount").is(0)));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
** 分页查询
int pageSize = pageParam.getPageSize();
final DQueueLogReq queueLog = pageParam.getParam();
Query query = this.buildCommonWhere(queueLog);
//查询总数
final long count = mongoTemplate.count(query, DQueueLog.class);
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, DQueueLog.Fields.consumerTime);
//分页
query.with(new PageRequest(pageParam.getPageNo()-1, pageSize,sort));
final List dQueueLogs = mongoTemplate.find(query, DQueueLog.class);
PageResult pageResult =new PageResult<>();
pageResult.setResults(dQueueLogs);
pageResult.setPageSize(pageSize);
pageResult.setPageNo(pageParam.getPageNo());
pageResult.setTotalCount(count);
final long pages = count / pageSize;
pageResult.setPageCount(count % pageSize == 0 ? pages : pages + 1);
** 完整例子
package com.chehejia.dqueue.admin.service.impl;
import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import com.chehejia.dqueue.admin.DqueueESDApplication;
import com.chehejia.dqueue.admin.document.DQueueLog;
import com.chehejia.dqueue.admin.model.DQueueLogReq;
import com.chehejia.dqueue.admin.service.IDQueueLogService;
import com.chehejia.framework.beans.model.page.PageParam;
import com.chehejia.framework.beans.model.page.PageResult;
import com.mongodb.WriteResult;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
/**
* @author jack-cooper
* @version 1.0.0
* @ClassName DQueueLogServiceImpl.java
* @Description 业务逻辑类
* @createTime 2019年11月12日 16:52:00
*/
@Service
public class DQueueLogServiceImpl implements IDQueueLogService {
@Autowired
private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
@Override
public DQueueLog getById(String id) {
return mongoTemplate.findById(new ObjectId(id),DQueueLog.class);
}
@Override
public List list(DQueueLogReq logReq) {
Query query = this.buildCommonWhere(logReq);
return mongoTemplate.find(query,DQueueLog.class);
}
@Override
public void save(DQueueLog dQueueLog) {
mongoTemplate.insert(dQueueLog);
}
@Override
public void deleteById(String id) {
mongoTemplate.remove(new ObjectId(id));
}
@Override
public boolean updateById(DQueueLog dQueueLog) throws Exception {
final Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.id).is(new ObjectId(dQueueLog.getId())));
final Update update = new Update();
final Class queueLogClass = dQueueLog.getClass();
final Field[] fields = queueLogClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field t : fields) {
if(t.isAnnotationPresent(org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field.class)){
//获取字段读方法
final PropertyDescriptor pd = new PropertyDescriptor(t.getName(), queueLogClass);
final Method method = pd.getReadMethod();
final Object result = method.invoke(dQueueLog);
if(result != null){
update.set(t.getName(), result);
}
}
}
final WriteResult result = mongoTemplate.upsert(query, update, DQueueLog.class);
return result.isUpdateOfExisting();
}
@Override
public PageResult selectPage(PageParam pageParam) {
int pageSize = pageParam.getPageSize();
final DQueueLogReq queueLog = pageParam.getParam();
Query query = this.buildCommonWhere(queueLog);
//查询总数
final long count = mongoTemplate.count(query, DQueueLog.class);
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, DQueueLog.Fields.consumerTime);
//分页
query.with(new PageRequest(pageParam.getPageNo()-1, pageSize,sort));
final List dQueueLogs = mongoTemplate.find(query, DQueueLog.class);
PageResult pageResult =new PageResult<>();
pageResult.setResults(dQueueLogs);
pageResult.setPageSize(pageSize);
pageResult.setPageNo(pageParam.getPageNo());
pageResult.setTotalCount(count);
final long pages = count / pageSize;
pageResult.setPageCount(count % pageSize == 0 ? pages : pages + 1);
return pageResult;
}
/**
* 查询条件构造器
* @param req
* @return
*/
private Query buildCommonWhere(DQueueLogReq req){
Query query = new Query();
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getId())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.id).is(req.getId()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getEnv())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.env).is(req.getEnv()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getTopic())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.topic).is(req.getTopic()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getConsumerAppName())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.consumerAppName).is(req.getConsumerAppName()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getMsgId())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.msgId).is(req.getMsgId()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getJsonData())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.jsonData).is(req.getJsonData()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getFromIp())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.fromIp).is(req.getFromIp()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getToIp())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.toIp).is(req.getToIp()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getMsg())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.msg).is(req.getMsg()));
}
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(req.getResendCount())){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.resendCount).is(req.getResendCount()));
}
if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(req.getJoinTimeList())){
if(req.getJoinTimeList().size()>0){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.joinTime).gte(req.getJoinTimeList().get(0)));
}
if(req.getJoinTimeList().size()>1){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.joinTime).lte(req.getJoinTimeList().get(1)));
}
}
if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(req.getConsumerTimeList())){
if(req.getConsumerTimeList().size()>0){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.consumerTime).gte(req.getConsumerTimeList().get(0)));
}
if(req.getConsumerTimeList().size()>1){
query.addCriteria(Criteria.where(DQueueLog.Fields.consumerTime).lte(req.getConsumerTimeList().get(1)));
}
}
return query;
}
}
摘自：https://juejin.im/post/5afb9de8518825426c690307
高阶更新：https://my.oschina.net/u/566591/blog/3017030