基础概念
定义:将一个类的接口(被适配者)转换成客户期望的另一个接口(目标类)
使原本接口不兼容的类可以一起工作。
左边:接口3实现接口1的抽象接口,继承接口2。那么接口3就有接口1的外观和接口2的功能。
右边:接口3有接口1的外观,含有属性是接口2对象,这样接口3也能有接口3的功能。
适用场景
已经存在的类,它的方法和需求不匹配时(方法结果相同或相似)
注:不是软件设计阶段考虑的设计模式,是随着软件维护,由于不同产品、不同厂家造成功能类似而接口不相同情况下的解决方案。
优点
- 能提高类的透明性和复用,现有的类复用但不需要改变
- 目标类和适配器类解耦,提高程序扩展性
- 符合开闭原则
缺点
- 适配器编写过程需要全面考虑,可能会增加系统的复杂性
- 增加系统代码可读的难度
类适配器
目标类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.classadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public interface Target {
void request();
}
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.classadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class ConcreteTarget implements Target {
@Override
public void request() {
System.out.println("concreteTarget目标方法");
}
}
被适配者:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.classadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class Adaptee {
public void adapteeRequest(){
System.out.println("被适配者的方法");
}
}
适配者:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.classadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class Adapter extends Adaptee implements Target{
@Override
public void request() {
//...
super.adapteeRequest();
//...
}
}
测试类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.classadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Target target = new ConcreteTarget();
target.request();
Target adapterTarget = new Adapter();
adapterTarget.request();
}
}
结果:
对象适配器:
目标类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.objectadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public interface Target {
void request();
}
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.objectadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class ConcreteTarget implements Target {
@Override
public void request() {
System.out.println("concreteTarget目标方法");
}
}
被适配者:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.objectadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class Adaptee {
public void adapteeRequest(){
System.out.println("被适配者的方法");
}
}
适配类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.objectadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class Adapter implements Target{
private Adaptee adaptee = new Adaptee();
@Override
public void request() {
//...
adaptee.adapteeRequest();
//...
}
}
测试类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter.objectadapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Target target = new ConcreteTarget();
target.request();
Target adapterTarget = new Adapter();
adapterTarget.request();
}
}
结果:
继承和组合优先选择组合。
一个小例子
插座提供了220V的交流电,可是手机充电需要5V直流电,所以就需要用到电压适配器。
目标类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public interface DC5 {
int outputDC5V();
}
被适配者:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class AC220 {
public int outputAC220V(){
int output = 220;
System.out.println("输出交流电"+output+"V");
return output;
}
}
适配类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class PowerAdapter implements DC5{
private AC220 ac220 = new AC220();
@Override
public int outputDC5V() {
int adapterInput = ac220.outputAC220V();
//变压器...
int adapterOutput = adapterInput/44;
System.out.println("使用PowerAdapter输入AC:"+adapterInput+"V"+"输出DC:"+adapterOutput+"V");
return adapterOutput;
}
}
测试类:
package com.geely.design.pattern.structural.adapter;
/**
* Created by geely
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DC5 dc5 = new PowerAdapter();
dc5.outputDC5V();
}
}
结果:
源码:
// todo 学习SpringMVC源码时补充