Numpy实践_索引与切片

文章目录

  • 一、整数索引
    • 1.要获取数组的单个元素,指定元素的索引即可:
  • 二、切片索引
    • 1.对一维数组的切片:
    • 2.对二维数组切片:
    • 3.通过对每个以逗号分隔的维度执行单独的切片,你可以对多维数组进行切片。因此,对于二维数组,我们的第一片定义了行的切片,第二片定义了列的切片:
  • 三.dots 索引
    • 1.NumPy 允许使用...表示足够多的冒号来构建完整的索引列表:
  • 四.整数数组索引
    • 1.方括号内传入多个索引值,可以同时选择多个元素:
    • 2.可以借助切片:与整数数组组合
    • 3.应注意:使用切片索引到numpy数组时,生成的数组视图将始终是原始数组的子数组, 但是整数数组索引,不是其子数组,是形成新的数组。 切片索引
    • 4.整数数组索引
  • 五、布尔索引
    • 1.我们可以通过一个布尔数组来索引目标数组:
  • 六、数组迭代
    • 1.除了for循环,Numpy 还提供另外一种更为优雅的遍历方法:


一、整数索引

1.要获取数组的单个元素,指定元素的索引即可:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
print(x[2])  # 3

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])
print(x[2])  # [21 22 23 24 25]
print(x[2][1])  # 22
print(x[2, 1])  # 22

二、切片索引

1.对一维数组的切片:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
print(x[0:2])  # [1 2]
#用下标0~5,2为步长选取数组
print(x[1:5:2])  # [2 4]
print(x[2:])  # [3 4 5 6 7 8]
print(x[:2])  # [1 2]
print(x[-2:])  # [7 8]
print(x[:-2])  # [1 2 3 4 5 6]
print(x[:])  # [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]
#利用负数下标翻转数组
print(x[::-1])  # [8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1]

2.对二维数组切片:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])
print(x[0:2])
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]]

print(x[1:5:2])
# [[16 17 18 19 20]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]]

print(x[2:])
# [[21 22 23 24 25]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

print(x[:2])
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]]

print(x[-2:])
# [[26 27 28 29 30]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

print(x[:-2])
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]]

print(x[:])
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

print(x[2, :])  # [21 22 23 24 25]
print(x[:, 2])  # [13 18 23 28 33]
print(x[0, 1:4])  # [12 13 14]
print(x[1:4, 0])  # [16 21 26]
print(x[1:3, 2:4])
# [[18 19]
#  [23 24]]

print(x[:, :])
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

print(x[::2, ::2])
# [[11 13 15]
#  [21 23 25]
#  [31 33 35]]

print(x[::-1, :])
# [[31 32 33 34 35]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [11 12 13 14 15]]

print(x[:, ::-1])
# [[15 14 13 12 11]
#  [20 19 18 17 16]
#  [25 24 23 22 21]
#  [30 29 28 27 26]
#  [35 34 33 32 31]]

3.通过对每个以逗号分隔的维度执行单独的切片,你可以对多维数组进行切片。因此,对于二维数组,我们的第一片定义了行的切片,第二片定义了列的切片:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])
print(x)
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

x[0::2, 1::3] = 0
print(x)
# [[11  0 13 14  0]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21  0 23 24  0]
#  [26 27 28 29 30]
#  [31  0 33 34  0]]

三.dots 索引

1.NumPy 允许使用…表示足够多的冒号来构建完整的索引列表:

import numpy as np

x = np.random.randint(1, 100, [2, 2, 3])
print(x)
# [[[ 5 64 75]
#   [57 27 31]]
# 
#  [[68 85  3]
#   [93 26 25]]]

print(x[1, ...])
# [[68 85  3]
#  [93 26 25]]

print(x[..., 2])
# [[75 31]
#  [ 3 25]]

四.整数数组索引

1.方括号内传入多个索引值,可以同时选择多个元素:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
r = [0, 1, 2]
print(x[r])
# [1 2 3]

r = [0, 1, -1]
print(x[r])
# [1 2 8]

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])

r = [0, 1, 2]
print(x[r])
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]]

r = [0, 1, -1]
print(x[r])

# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

r = [0, 1, 2]
c = [2, 3, 4]
y = x[r, c]
print(y)
# [13 19 25]
import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
r = np.array([[0, 1], [3, 4]])
print(x[r])
# [[1 2]
#  [4 5]]

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])

r = np.array([[0, 1], [3, 4]])
print(x[r])
# [[[11 12 13 14 15]
#   [16 17 18 19 20]]
#
#  [[26 27 28 29 30]
#   [31 32 33 34 35]]]

# 获取了 5X5 数组中的四个角的元素。
# 行索引是 [0,0][4,4],而列索引是 [0,4][0,4]。
r = np.array([[0, 0], [4, 4]])
c = np.array([[0, 4], [0, 4]])
y = x[r, c]
print(y)
# [[11 15]
#  [31 35]]

2.可以借助切片:与整数数组组合

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])

y = x[0:3, [1, 2, 2]]
print(y)
# [[12 13 13]
#  [17 18 18]
#  [22 23 23]]
import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
r = [0, 1, 2]
print(np.take(x, r))
# [1 2 3]

r = [0, 1, -1]
print(np.take(x, r))
# [1 2 8]

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])

r = [0, 1, 2]
print(np.take(x, r, axis=0))
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [21 22 23 24 25]]

r = [0, 1, -1]
print(np.take(x, r, axis=0))
# [[11 12 13 14 15]
#  [16 17 18 19 20]
#  [31 32 33 34 35]]

r = [0, 1, 2]
c = [2, 3, 4]
y = np.take(x, [r, c])
print(y)
# [[11 12 13]
#  [13 14 15]]

3.应注意:使用切片索引到numpy数组时,生成的数组视图将始终是原始数组的子数组, 但是整数数组索引,不是其子数组,是形成新的数组。 切片索引

import numpy as np

a=np.array([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])
b=a[0:1,0:1]
b[0,0]=2
print(a[0,0]==b)
#[[True]]

4.整数数组索引

import numpy as np

a=np.array([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])
b=a[0,0]
b=2
print(a[0,0]==b)
#False

五、布尔索引

1.我们可以通过一个布尔数组来索引目标数组:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
y = x > 5
print(y)
# [False False False False False  True  True  True]
print(x[x > 5])
# [6 7 8]

x = np.array([np.nan, 1, 2, np.nan, 3, 4, 5])
y = np.logical_not(np.isnan(x))
print(x[y])
# [1. 2. 3. 4. 5.]

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])
y = x > 25
print(y)
# [[False False False False False]
#  [False False False False False]
#  [False False False False False]
#  [ True  True  True  True  True]
#  [ True  True  True  True  True]]
print(x[x > 25])
# [26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35]
import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 50)
y = np.sin(x)
print(len(x))  # 50
plt.plot(x, y)

mask = y >= 0
print(len(x[mask]))  # 25
print(mask)
'''
[ True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True
  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True
  True False False False False False False False False False False False
 False False False False False False False False False False False False
 False False]
'''
plt.plot(x[mask], y[mask], 'bo')

mask = np.logical_and(y >= 0, x <= np.pi / 2)
print(mask)
'''
[ True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True  True
  True False False False False False False False False False False False
 False False False False False False False False False False False False
 False False False False False False False False False False False False
 False False]
'''

plt.plot(x[mask], y[mask], 'go')
plt.show()

六、数组迭代

1.除了for循环,Numpy 还提供另外一种更为优雅的遍历方法:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])

y = np.apply_along_axis(np.sum, 0, x)
print(y)  # [105 110 115 120 125]
y = np.apply_along_axis(np.sum, 1, x)
print(y)  # [ 65  90 115 140 165]

y = np.apply_along_axis(np.mean, 0, x)
print(y)  # [21. 22. 23. 24. 25.]
y = np.apply_along_axis(np.mean, 1, x)


def my_func(x):
    return (x[0] + x[-1]) * 0.5


y = np.apply_along_axis(my_func, 0, x)
print(y)  # [21. 22. 23. 24. 25.]
y = np.apply_along_axis(my_func, 1, x)
print(y)  # [13. 18. 23. 28. 33.]

参考:阿里云天池

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