Seconds_Behind_Master越来越大,主从同步延迟

问题现象

发现从库mysql_slave的参数Seconds_Behind_Master越来越大。已排除主从服务器时间不一致;那么主要就判断两点:是io thread慢还是 sql thread慢?先观察show slave status\G 。

判断3个参数(参数后面的值是默认空闲时候的正常值):

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

1.sql thread慢的表现:

Seconds_Behind_Master越来越大

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Reading event from the relay log

2.io thread慢的表现:

Seconds_Behind_Master为0

Slave_SQL_Running_State: 显示正常值

Slave_IO_State:显示忙碌状态

本文观察到的值:

Slave_IO_State: Queueing master event to the relay log

Seconds_Behind_Master: 30880

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Reading event from the relay log

上述三个参数,推断是sql thread慢

同步延迟信息详见如下:

mysql> show master status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000057
         Position: 214873221
     Binlog_Do_DB:
 Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 838ad3df-a43d-11e8-8b02-6c92bf7daa8d:1,
efd10b43-a43c-11e8-85d8-6c92bf7d9fd1:1-134202381
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

从库延迟:

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Queueing master event to the relay log
                  Master_Host: 192.168.10.111
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000057
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 214813221
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.00045
                Relay_Log_Pos: 28055325
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000057
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 94286319
              Relay_Log_Space: 956058939
             Seconds_Behind_Master: 30880
             Master_Server_Id: 113306
                  Master_UUID: efd10b43-a43c-11e8-85d8-6c92bf7d9fd1
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Reading event from the relay log
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: efd10b43-a43c-11e8-85d8-6c92bf7d9fd1:153917-55474510
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 838ad3df-a43d-11e8-8b02-6c92bf7daa8d:1,
efd10b43-a43c-11e8-85d8-6c92bf7d9fd1:1-54003557
                Auto_Position: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注意: Seconds_Behind_Master: 30880

分析步骤:

开始怀疑是参数配置的差异,比对/etc/my.cnf后发现,发现配置并无差异。

从库使用操作系统命令dstat观察,发现繁忙时候,slave的IO写速度上不去

[root@mysql ~]# dstat
You did not select any stats, using -cdngy by default.
----total-cpu-usage---- -dsk/total- -net/total- ---paging-- ---system--
usr sys idl wai hiq siq| read  writ| recv  send|  in   out | int   csw
  0   0 100   0   0   0|  19k  686k|   0     0 |   0     0 | 231   648
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1388k| 798B  396B|   0     0 | 358  1596
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1676k| 244B  170B|   0     0 | 397  1949
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1796k|1490B  236B|   0     0 | 451  2107
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1764k| 244B  170B|   0     0 | 414  2104
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0  1536k|1068B  170B|   0     0 | 390  1649
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1516k| 244B  170B|   0     0 | 373  1575
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1552k|  34k  500B|   0     0 | 410  1602
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0  1556k| 126B  236B|   0     0 | 363  1527
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1384k|  60B  170B|   0     0 | 349  1369
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1440k|  13k  434B|   0     0 | 400  1513
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0  1800k| 612B  170B|   0     0 | 418  1905
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  1484k| 246B  236B|   0     0 | 622  1568
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1272k|  60B  170B|   0     0 | 347  1294
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1624k| 126B  236B|   0     0 | 400  1815
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1580k|  60B  170B|   0     0 | 358  1712
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0  1536k|  22k  302B|   0     0 | 395  1583
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0  1440k| 514B  368B|   0     0 | 383  1765
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  1596k|  28k  500B|   0     0 | 446  2151
看到从库的写只能达到每秒1.5M左右,IO性能不是很好,也印证了初步的推测。

那么问题来了, 

    要如何优化IO性能比较差的slave呢?

简单,本文做了如下两个参数的修改:

mysql> set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global sync_binlog=20 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit和sync_binlog这两个参数又是个啥?

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit

1. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit设置为0,log buffer将每秒一次地写入log file中,并且log file的flush(刷到磁盘)操作同时进行.该模式下,在事务提交的时候,不会主动触发写入磁盘的操作。

2. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit设置为1,每次事务提交时MySQL都会把log buffer的数据写入log file,并且flush(刷到磁盘)中去.

3. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit设置为2,每次事务提交时MySQL都会把log buffer的数据写入log file.但是flush(刷到磁盘)操作并不会同时进行。该模式下,MySQL会每秒执行一次 flush(刷到磁盘)操作。

注意:

由于进程调度策略问题,这个“每秒执行一次 flush(刷到磁盘)操作”并不是标准意义上的保证100%的“每秒”。

sync_binlog

sync_binlog 的默认值是0,像操作系统刷其他文件的机制一样,MySQL不会同步到磁盘中去而是依赖操作系统来刷新binary log。

当sync_binlog =N (N>0) ,MySQL 在每写 N次二进制日志binary log时,会使用fdatasync()函数将它的写二进制日志binary log同步到磁盘中去。

注意:

如果启用了autocommit,那么每一个语句statement就会有一次写操作;否则每个事务对应一个写操作。mysql服务默认是autocommit打开的。

如上sync_binlog,autocommit,innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit三个参数,详见从库mysql_slave设置如下:

mysql> show variables like '%sync_binlog%';+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| sync_binlog   | 0     |+---------------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>mysql> show variables like '%innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit%';+--------------------------------+-------+| Variable_name                  | Value |+--------------------------------+-------+| innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1     |+--------------------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%autocommit%';+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| autocommit    | ON    |+---------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

根据上述分析过程,修改如下值:

mysql> set global sync_binlog=20;
mysql> set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2;

接下来,我们观察和验证从库同步情况

1. 使用dstat命令观察磁盘IO,下图可以看到从库的写有原来的每秒1.5M左右提升为4M以上,

[root@mysql ~]# dstat
You did not select any stats, using -cdngy by default.
----total-cpu-usage---- -dsk/total- -net/total- ---paging-- ---system--
usr sys idl wai hiq siq| read  writ| recv  send|  in   out | int   csw
  0   0 100   0   0   0|  19k  686k|   0     0 |   0     0 | 231   648
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  4756k| 882B  462B|   0     0 | 601  6690
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  4208k| 430B  236B|   0     0 | 642  8771
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  4452k| 428B  170B|   0     0 | 607  7803
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  7964k|  26k  500B|   0     0 | 589  6835
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  3832k|1166B  170B|   0     0 | 368  2467
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  4584k|2042B  236B|   0     0 | 523  4632
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  4972k|1296B  170B|   0     0 | 661  9298
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  4792k|1046B  236B|   0     0 | 606  9634
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  5244k|3032B  212B|   0     0 | 745  9965
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  4648k| 796B  170B|   0     0 |1166    19k
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  4608k|  21k  434B|   0     0 | 827    14k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  4552k|1858B  236B|   0     0 | 971    17k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  4580k| 980B  170B|   0     0 | 936    17k
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  8332k|  21k  434B|   0     0 | 940    13k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  4136k|1112B  236B|   0     0 |1112    20k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  4940k| 796B  170B|   0     0 |1045    19k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  4496k|  22k  500B|   0     0 | 951    15k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  4652k| 862B  170B|   0     0 |1022    18k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  5472k|1546B  236B|   0     0 | 950    15k
  0   0  99   0   0   0|   0  2616k|  20k  434B|   0     0 | 901    15k
  0   0  99   1   0   0|   0  9564k|2410B  170B|   0     0 | 958    14

2. 从库使用 show slave status \G,观察到Seconds_Behind_Master: 21202在持续缩小和主库的差距。Seconds_Behind_Master:由原来的30880降为21202,且在持续减少中。

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Queueing master event to the relay log
                  Master_Host: 192.168.10.111
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000057
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 214833221
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.00045
                Relay_Log_Pos: 28064325
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000057
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 544925182
              Relay_Log_Space: 973436169
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 21202
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 113306
                  Master_UUID: efd10b43-a43c-11e8-85d8-6c92bf7d9fd1
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Waiting for dependent transaction to commit
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: efd10b43-a43c-11e8-85d8-6c92bf7d9fd1:153917-55504200
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 838ad3df-a43d-11e8-8b02-6c92bf7daa8d:1,
efd10b43-a43c-11e8-85d8-6c92bf7d9fd1:1-54771730
                Auto_Position: 1
1 row in set (4.98 sec)

至此,Seconds_Behind_Master越来越打的问题得到解决。

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