SQL50题

数据表介绍

--1.学生表 Student(SId, Sname, Sage, Ssex)
SId 学生编号, Sname 学生姓名, Sage 出生年月, Ssex 学生性别
--2.课程表 Course(CId, Cname, TId)
CId 课程编号, Cname 课程名称, TId 教师编号
--3.教师表 Teacher(TId, Tname)
TId 教师编号, Tname 教师姓名
--4.成绩表 SC(SId, CId, score)
SId 学生编号, CId 课程编号, score 分数

学生表 Student:

create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');

科目表 Course:

create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

教师表 Teacher:

create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

成绩表 SC:

create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);

题目:

  • 1.1 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
  • 1.2 查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况
  • 1.3 查询存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程的情况 (不存在时显示为 null)
  • 1.4 查询不存在"01"课程但存在"02"课程的情况
  • 2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩
  • 3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
  • 4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩 (没成绩的显示为 null)
  • 4.1 查有成绩的学生信息
  • 5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量
  • 6. 查询学过张三老师授课的同学的信息
  • 7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
  • 8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
  • 9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
  • 10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
  • 11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
  • 12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
  • 13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
  • 14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
  • 以如下形式显示:
  • 课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
  • (及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90)
  • 要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
  • 15. 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
  • 15.1 按各科成绩进行行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次
  • 16. 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
  • 16.1 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺
  • 17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
  • 18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录
  • 19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
  • 20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
  • 21. 查询男生、女生人数
  • 22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
  • 23. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
  • 24. 查询 1990 年年出生的学生名单
  • 25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
  • 26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
  • 27. 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
  • 28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
  • 29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
  • 30. 查询不及格的课程
  • 31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名
  • 32. 求每门课程的学生人数
  • 33. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
  • 34. 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
  • 35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
  • 36. 查询每门成绩最好的前两名 (同18题)
  • 37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
  • 38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
  • 39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
  • 40. 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
  • 41. 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
  • 42. 查询本周过生日的学生
  • 43. 查询下周过生日的学生
  • 44. 查询本月过生日的学生
  • 45. 查询下月过生日的学生
  • 附加题:复购率计算

1.1 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

直接在原表中不好比较,自交

select s.*, c.CId, c.score
from student s left join sc c on s.SId = c.SId 
where s.SId in( select a.SId 
                from (select * from sc where CId = 01) a  inner join  
                     (select * from sc where CId = 02) b 
                on a.SId = b.SId 
                where a.score > b.score 
                group by a.SId );

除了用关联子查询,还可以用联结:

select 学号, 课程号, 成绩
from 成绩表 as a
where 成绩>
    (select avg(成绩)
     from 成绩表 as b
     where a.课程号=b.课程号
     group by 课程号);
select a.学号, a.课程号, a.成绩
from 成绩表 a left join 
      (select 课程号, avg(成绩) as 平均成绩
      from 成绩表
      group by 课程号) b
on a.课程号 = b.课程号
where a.成绩 > b.平均成绩;
select emp, sj, date
from empo as a
where date < 
    (select date
     from empo as b
     where a.sj = b.emp
     group by emp);

select a.emp, a.date, b.emp, b.date
from empo a left join empo b
on a.sj = b.emp
where a.date < b.date;

1.2 查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况

同时存在,内联结

select * 
from  (select * from sc where CId=01) a inner join 
      (select * from sc where CId=02) b 
on a.SId = b.SId

1.3 查询存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程的情况 (不存在时显示为 null)

可能不存在其中一项,左/右联结

select * 
from  (select * from sc where CId=01) a left join 
      (select * from sc where CId=02) b 
on a.SId = b.SId;

1.4 查询不存在"01"课程但存在"02"课程的情况

不存在"01"课程说明关联表"01"课程信息为null,但存在"02"课程说明关联表"02"课程信息存在

select * 
from  (select * from sc where CId=01) a right join 
      (select * from sc where CId=02) b 
on a.SId = b.SId
where a.SId is null;

2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩

select a.SId, b.Sname, avg(a.score) as 平均成绩
from sc a inner join Student b
on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId
having avg(a.score) > 60;

3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

select *
from student
where SId in ( select SId from sc where score is not null);

4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩 (没成绩的显示

为 null)

select a.SId, a.Sname, count(b.CId) as 选课总数, sum(b.score) as 总成绩
from student a left join sc b
on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId;

4.1 查有成绩的学生信息

和3有什么区别

5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量

select count(*)
from teacher
where Tname like '李%';

6. 查询学过张三老师授课的同学的信息

-- 1
select a.*
from student a right join sc b on a.SId = b.SId right join 
     course c on b.CId = c.CId right join teacher d on c.TId = d.TId
where d.Tname = '张三';

-- 2
select s.* 
from sc LEFT JOIN student s 
on sc.SId = s.SId
where CId =(
  select CId 
  from course c 
  where TId =(
       select TId 
       from teacher t 
       where Tname ='张三'));

7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

没有学全=排除学全了的学生剩下的

select *
from student
where SId not in (
      select SId 
      from sc
      group by SId
      having count(distinct(CId)) = (select count(course.CId) from course));

8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

select * 
from student
where SId IN ( 
    select SId 
    from sc 
    where SId !=01 and 
          CId in( select CId 
          from sc 
          where SId=01));

至少有一门课相同,排除和他没有一门课相同的、有课的学生后剩下的学生

select *
from student
where SId in (select SId from sc where score is not null and SId != '01') and 
      SId not in (select SId from sc where CId not in (select CId from sc where SId = '01'));

9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

-- 课程数相同的
select * from student 
where SId in
    (select SId from
        (select * from sc a where CId in (select CId from sc where SId=01))b
    group by SId
        having count(CId) =(select count(CId) from sc c where SId=01))
    and SId !=01;

-- 2
select sid
from sc
where sid != '01'
group by sid 
having group_concat(cid) = (select group_concat(cid) from SC where sid = '01');

group_concat() : https://www.cnblogs.com/rxhuiu/p/9134009.html

10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

多层嵌套或者多表联结

select Sname
from student
where SId not in (select SId
                  from sc
                  where CId = (select CId
                               from course
                               where TId = (select TId
                                            from teacher
                                            where Tname = '张三'))
                  group by SId);

select Sname
from student
where SId not in 
  (select a.SId
   from sc as a inner join course b on a.CId = b.CId
   inner join teacher c on b.TId = c.TId
   where Tname = '张三');

11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

select a.SId, a.Sname, avg(b.score)
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
where a.SId in(
    select SId
    from sc
    where score < 60
    group by SId
    having count(*) > 1)
group by SId;

12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

select a.*
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
where b.CId = '01' and b.score < 60
group by b.SId
order by b.score desc;

13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

select a.SId, a.CId, a.score, b.avscore
from sc a left join
  (select SId, avg(score) as avscore
   from sc
   group by SId) b on a.SId = b.SId
order by avscore desc;

注意,1.多表联结后形成的表; 2.自身联结后形成的表(自交);

14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:

以如下形式显示:

课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率

(及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90)

要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列

-- 1
select a.CId, b.Cname, count(a.SId) as 选修人数, max(a.score) as 最高分, min(score) as 最低分, avg(score) as 平均分, 
       concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 及格率,
       concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score > 70 and a.score < 80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 中等率,
       concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score >= 80 and a.score < 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 优良率,
       concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score >= 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 优良率
from sc a inner join course b on a.CId = b.CId
group by a.CId
order by count(a.SId) desc, a.CId;

-- 2
select CId, count(SId), max(score), min(score), avg(score),
       sum(及格)/count(SId) as 及格率, 
       sum(中等)/count(SId) as 中等率,
       sum(优良)/count(SId) as 优良率,
       sum(优秀)/count(SId) as 优秀率
from (select *,
      case when score>=60  then 1 else 0  end as 及格,
      case when  score>=70 and score<80 then 1 else 0  end as 中等 ,
      case when  score>=80 and score<90 then 1 else 0  end as 优良 ,
      case when  score>=90 then 1 else 0  end as 优秀 
     from sc) a 
group by CId
order by count(SId) desc, CId

15. 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺

https://www.jianshu.com/p/476b52ee4f1b

15.1 按各科成绩进行行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次

16. 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺

16.1 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺

17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比

select a.CId, b.Cname,
    sum(case when a.score between 85 and 100 then 1 else 0 end) as '[100-85]人数',
    concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score between 85 and 100 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比',
    sum(case when a.score < 85 and score >= 70 then 1 else 0 end) as '[85-70]人数',
    concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score < 85 and score >= 70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比',
    sum(case when a.score < 70 and score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[70-60]人数',
    concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score < 70 and score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比',
    sum(case when a.score < 60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[60-0]人数',
    concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score < 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比'
from sc a inner join course b on a.CId = b.CId
group by a.CId;

其中

  • case when a.score >=70 then 1 else 0 end可以替换为 if (a.score >=70 , 1, 0);
  • truncate( a, 2)表示将a的小数保留2位;
  • concat(b, '%')表示将两部分合并成一部分;

18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录

各科成绩排名,但是不能显示每组前3条(不能group by 了以后取limit):

select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.CId, a.SId
order by a.CId, a.score desc;

一种是用union(比较繁琐):

(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
 from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
 where CId = 01 order by score desc limit 3)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
 from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
 where CId = 02 order by score desc limit 3)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
 from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
 where CId = 03 order by score desc limit 3);

其他方式,先用自己交自己,条件为a.cid = b.cid and a.score < b.score,其实就是列出同一门课内所有分数比较的情况(https://www.jianshu.com/p/476b52ee4f1b):

select a.cid, a.sid, a.score
from sc a left join sc b
on a.cid = b.cid and a.score < b.score
group by a.cid, a.sid
having count(b.cid) < 3
order by a.cid;

各步骤比较:

366=108条

19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select CId, count(CId)
from sc 
group by CId;

20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

-- 多表联结查询
select a.SId, b.Sname
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId
having count(a.CId) = 2;

-- 嵌套子查询
select SId,Sname 
from student
where SId in (
      select SId from sc
      group by SId
      having count(CId) = 2);

21. 查询男生、女生人数

select Ssex, count(*)
from student
group by Ssex;

22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

select *
from student
where Sname like '%风%';

23. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数

select Sname,count(Sname)
from student 
group by Sname
having count(Sname) > 1;

24. 查询 1990 年年出生的学生名单

select *
from student
where Sage like '1990%';

select *
from student
where YEAR(student.Sage)=1990;

25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列

select CId, avg(score)
from sc
group by CId
order by avg(score) desc, CId;

26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

嵌套或者联结

select a.SId, b.Sname, avg(a.score)
from sc a inner join student b
on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId
having avg(a.score)>=85;

27. 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

select b.Sname, a.score
from sc a inner join student b
on a.SId = b.SId
where a.score < 60 and 
      a.CId = ( select CId
                from course
        where Cname = '数学');

28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)

select a.Sname, a.SId, b.CId, b.score
from student a left join sc b
on a.SId =  b.SId;

29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

select a.Sname, c.Cname, b.score
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId =  b.SId
     inner join course c on b.CId = c.CId
where b.score > 70;

30. 查询不及格的课程

select CId
from sc
where score < 60;

没讲清楚具体的意思(课程名字还是ID)

31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名

-- 子查询/多表联结
select SId, Sname
from student
where SId in
    (select SId
     from sc
     where CId = '01' and score >= 80);

32. 求每门课程的学生人数

select CId, count(SId) as 选课人数
from sc
group by CId;

33. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

-- 1
select b.score, a.*
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId 
     inner join course c on c.CId = b.CId
     inner join teacher d on d.TId = c.TId
where Tname = '张三'
order by b.score desc
limit 1;

-- 2
select a.*, b.score
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId 
     inner join course c on c.CId = b.CId
     inner join teacher d on d.TId = c.TId
where Tname = '张三'
having max(b.score);

34. 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

36. 查询每门成绩最好的前两名 (同18题)

(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
 from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
 where CId = 01 order by score desc limit 2)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
 from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
 where CId = 02 order by score desc limit 2)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
 from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
 where CId = 03 order by score desc limit 2);

37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)

select CId, count(SId) as 选课人数
from sc
group by CId
having count(SId) > 5;

38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

select SId
from sc
group by SId
having count(CId) > 1;

39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

select a.*
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
group by b.SId
having count(b.CId) = (select count(CId) from course);

40. 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算

select SId, Sname, year(Sage) as 出生年份, year(now())-year(Sage) as 年龄
from student;

41. 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一

-- 一般都用这个方法精确到天
select SId as 学生编号, Sname as 学生姓名, TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, Sage, CURDATE()) as 学生年龄
from student;

-- 2
select Sid, Sname,
case when (DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%m-%d')- DATE_FORMAT(Sage,'%m-%d')) <0
-- 用date()却不行
then year(now())-year(Sage)-1
else year(now())-year(Sage) 
end as 年龄
from student;

TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit,begin,end)

TIMESTAMPDIFF函数返回begin-end的结果,其中beginend是DATE或DATETIME表达式。
TIMESTAMPDIFF函数允许其参数具有混合类型,例如,beginDATE值,end可以是DATETIME值。 如果使用DATE值,则TIMESTAMPDIFF函数将其视为时间部分为“00:00:00”DATETIME值。
unit参数是确定(end-begin)的结果的单位,表示为整数。 以下是有效单位:

  • MICROSECOND
  • SECOND
  • MINUTE
  • HOUR
  • DAY
  • WEEK
  • MONTH
  • QUARTER
  • YEAR

42. 查询本周过生日的学生

select *
from student
where week(Sage) = week(now());

week() 和 weekofyear()的区别:https://www.yiibai.com/sql/sql-weekofyear-function.html

weekofyear()是一个兼容性函数,它等效于WEEK(date,3)

sql日期函数: https://www.yiibai.com/sql/sql-date-functions.html

43. 查询下周过生日的学生

select *
from student
where week(Sage) = week(now())+1;

44. 查询本月过生日的学生

select *
from student
where month(Sage) = month(now());

45. 查询下月过生日的学生

select *
from student
where month(Sage) = month(now())+1;

复购率计算:

select a.商品ID, 
       count(a.times) as '购买人数', 
       sum(if(a.times >1,1,0)) as '重复购买人数', 
       sum(if(a.times >1,1,0))/count(a.times) as '复购率'
from (select 商品ID, 用户ID, count(用户ID) as times
      from userbehavior
      where 行为类型 = 'buy'
      group by 商品ID, 用户ID) as a
group by a.商品ID;

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