python读写xml文件

xml文件:country.xml

<data>
	<country name="shdi2hajk">231
		<rank>1<NewNode A="1">This is NEWNewNode>rank>
		<year>2008year>
		<gdppc>141100gdppc>
		<neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />  
		<neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
	country>
	<country name="Singapore">
		<rank>4rank>
		<year>2011year>
		<gdppc>59900gdppc>
		<neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" />
	country>
	<country name="Panama">
		<rank>68rank>
		<year>2011year>
		<gdppc>13600gdppc>
		<neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
		<neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
	country>
	<MediaPlatformService height="165" ip="36.32.160.199" passWord="111" port="9084" userName="admin" width="220">
	MediaPlatformService>
data>

xml文件解读

1.xml一个节点有三个属性:tag、text、attrib
2. 以第一个子节点country为例:
3. tag代表节点名字,country节点的tag就是它的名字:country
4. text代表节点文本内容,rank节点的text就是1
5. attrib代表节点包含的属性,以{属性:值}这样的字典形式存放。country节点的属性是{name:Liechtenstein}.name是属性的键,Liechtenstein是属性的值。{属性:值}就是一个字典类型,可以使用一切字典方法。
6. country节点的tag为country,attrib为{name:Liechtenstein},text为空
7. rank节点的tag为rank,attrib为空字典,text为1
8. 综上所述,xml文档主要由节点以及节点的三个属性组成。

读取文件:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
file_path = r'xml_te.xml'
tree = ET.ElementTree(file = file_path)  #读取xml文件

print(tree.iter())
for i in tree.iter('rank'):  #迭代获取tag为'rank'的节点
    print(i.text)
nodes = tree.find('country') #获取第一个tag为country的节点,返回是子节点的迭代对象
print(nodes.tag)

nodes2 = tree.findall('country') #获取所有tag为country的节点
print(nodes2)

for node in nodes2:
    #打印节点的三个属性
    print(node.tag)
    print(node.attrib)
    print(node.text)

增加新节点及修改属性值和文本

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
file_path = r'xml_te.xml'
tree = ET.ElementTree(file = file_path)  #读取xml文件



# root = tree.getroot()  #获取根结点

"""增加新节点"""
net = ET.Element('NewNode')
net.attrib = {'A':"1"}   #节点属性
net.text = "This is NEW"   #节点文本

node = tree.find('country/rank/NewNode')   #找到需要增加子节点的父节点
node.append(net)
print(node.text)

tree.write(file_path)  #写入文件

"""修改属性值"""
sub = tree.find('country')   #找到节点
sub.set('name',"shdi2hajk")  #set(key,new value)
sub.text = '231'
print(sub.attrib)
print(sub.text)

tree.write(file_path)  #写入文件

XPATH路径:
https://www.w3school.com.cn/xpath/xpath_syntax.asp

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