linux下通过lvm对磁盘进行动态扩容
1 查看磁盘容量信息
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VG-LogVol 1.9T 1.8T 61G 97% / # LVM卷组-逻辑卷 tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 40M 421M 9% /boot
2 查看磁盘扇区信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 299.0 GB, 298999349248 bytes # 磁盘/dev/sda 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36351 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4d69fe0e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux # 分为2个区, sda1 Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 26 36352 291785728 8e Linux LVM # LVM类型的sda2 # 新添加的磁盘/dev/sdb, 没有分区 Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 # LVM格式的卷组信息: Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
3.3 创建分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5b3d66ba.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: The size of this disk is 4.0 TB (3999999721472 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID
partition table format (GPT).
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n # 添加分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p # 添加主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 # 1号主分区, 即/dev/sdb1
First cylinder (1-486305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-267349, default 267349): 486305
Value out of range.
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-267349, default 267349):
Using default value 267349
Command (m for help): n # 继续添加分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2 # 2号主分区, 即/dev/sdc2
First cylinder (267350-486305, default 267350):
Using default value 267350
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (267350-486305, default 486305):
Using default value 486305
Command (m for help): p # 打印分区信息:
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5b3d66ba
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 267349 2147480811 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 267350 486305 1758764070 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t # 转换类型
Partition number (1-4): 1
Partition number (1-4): 1 # 修改/dev/sdb1为Linux LVM类型:
Hex code (type L to list codes): L # 查看可用类型:
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e # 修改为8e, 即Linux LVM类型
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2 # 修改/dev/sdc2为Linux LVM类型
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p # 再次查看相关信息:
Disk /dev/sdc: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5b3d66ba
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 267349 2147480811 8e Linux LVM # Id已改变
/dev/sdb2 267350 486305 1758764070 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w # 保存并退出
The partition table has been altered! # 修改成功
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
4 创建物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2 Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
5 扩展卷组
# 查看已有卷组, 发现该卷组就是需要扩容的卷组, 就不必再次创建卷组, 而是直接扩展卷组即可: [root@localhost ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree VolGroup 2 2 0 wz--n- 1.91t 0 # 扩展卷组: [root@localhost ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb1 Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended [root@localhost ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb2 Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended
说明: 如果出现下述无法挂载物理磁盘到卷组中的信息, 说明这块物理磁盘已经挂载了, 需要先卸载, 然后再执行创建分区+卷组的操作:
[root@localhost /]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb1 No physical volume label read from /dev/sdb1 Physical volume /dev/sdb1 not found Can't open /dev/sdb1 exclusively. Mounted filesystem? Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sdb1' to volume group 'VolGroup'.
6 扩展逻辑卷
# 扩展逻辑卷, 即扩容: [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol Extending logical volume lv_root to 5.54 TiB Logical volume lv_root successfully resized # 上述命令是将所有的空闲空间都扩容到逻辑卷中, 也可指定扩容的大小: lvextend -l +100G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol
7 查看磁盘卷组信息
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 278.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 278G 0 part ├─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0) 253:0 0 5.6T 0 lvm / sdb 8:16 0 1.6T 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 1.6T 0 part └─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0) 253:0 0 5.6T 0 lvm / sdc 8:32 0 3.7T 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 2T 0 part │ └─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0) 253:0 0 5.6T 0 lvm / └─sdc2 8:34 0 1.7T 0 part └─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0) 253:0 0 5.6T 0 lvm /
8 调整文件系统的大小
# CentOS 7重新读取磁盘大小: [root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol is not a mounted XFS filesystem # 赶紧看下扩容成果吧: [root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol 5.5T 1.8T 3.5T 34% / # 扩容成功 tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 40M 421M 9% /boot