binary search

非常好
https://algorithm.yuanbin.me/zh-hans/basics_algorithm/binary_search.html#%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E4%B8%80---lowerupper-bound

import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] nums = new int[]{1,2,2,3,4,6,6,6,13,18};
        System.out.println(lowerBound(nums, 6)); // 5
        System.out.println(upperBound(nums, 6)); // 7
        System.out.println(lowerBound(nums, 7)); // 8
        System.out.println(upperBound(nums, 7)); // 7
    }

    /*
    * nums[index] >= target, min(index)
    */
    public static int lowerBound(int[] nums, int target) {
        if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) return -1;
        int lb = -1, ub = nums.length;
        while (lb + 1 < ub) {
            int mid = lb + (ub - lb) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] < target) {
                lb = mid;
            } else {
                ub = mid;
            }
        }

        return lb + 1;
    }

    /*
    * nums[index] <= target, max(index)
    */
    public static int upperBound(int[] nums, int target) {
        if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) return -1;
        int lb = -1, ub = nums.length;
        while (lb + 1 < ub) {
            int mid = lb + (ub - lb) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] > target) {
                ub = mid;
            } else {
                lb = mid;
            }
        }

        return ub - 1;
    }
}

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