Linux Centos7 根目录扩容实操(lvm模式)

列出各分区使用情况

[root@space ~]# df -hl
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   36G   33G  3.2G   92% /
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G   88K  3.9G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  8.7M  3.9G    1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  261M  237M   53% /boot
tmpfs                    782M   12K  782M    1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                    782M  4.0K  782M    1% /run/user/988

可以看见/dev/mapper/centos-root已经使用了92%,我们准备为它扩容
创建新分区
先看一下现有磁盘情况:

[root@space ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda:42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节,83886080 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0x0008f3a5

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    83886079    41430016   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/sdb:214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节,419430400 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap:4177 MB, 4177526784 字节,8159232 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root:38.2 GB, 38243663872 字节,74694656 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节

[root@space ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- 35.62g                                                    
  swap centos -wi-ao----  3.89g                                           

已经可以看到新添加的磁盘/dev/sdb
对新磁盘进行分区
fdisk的交互模式中,依次输入:

n --创建新分区
p --创建主分区
<回车> --默认分区编号
<回车> --默认起始扇区位置。
<回车> --默认结束扇区位置。
w --写入分区表
[root@space ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0xa91cbf10 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):m
命令操作
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4,默认 1):
起始 扇区 (2048-419430399,默认为 2048):
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399,默认为 419430399):
将使用默认值 419430399
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 200 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。

这样就把整个磁盘分成了一个区

再看一下现有磁盘情况

[root@space ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda:42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节,83886080 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0x0008f3a5

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    83886079    41430016   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/sdb:214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节,419430400 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xa91cbf10

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   419430399   209714176   83  Linux

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap:4177 MB, 4177526784 字节,8159232 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root:38.2 GB, 38243663872 字节,74694656 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节

已经多出了一个新分区

设备 Boot      Start      End           Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1      2048       419430399   209714176   83  Linux

扩展根目录
将新分区用于扩展/root

先看一下卷分组

[root@space ~]# vgdisplay -v
    Using volume group(s) on command line.
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               39.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              10114
  Alloc PE / Size       10114 / 39.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               Ykx8CQ-951y-7BC0-vfDm-h05J-AyyK-XVwBY4
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                NarvTO-dKF1-dAfu-3yZD-g1Bd-jUvt-qTGIP6
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:34 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                3.89 GiB
  Current LE             996
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                nVjnIr-3kdo-ncmg-Qoyw-DQeG-F0Lh-cdzVhi
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                35.62 GiB
  Current LE             9118
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2     
  PV UUID               BWUVqr-mVpy-x6gX-bqxU-NJP7-l48n-Lrx9Ke
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    10114 / 0

可以看到当前卷分组名为"centos"

为之前新增的分区创建物理卷:

[root@space ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

查看结果:

[root@space ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               39.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              10114
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          10114
  PV UUID               BWUVqr-mVpy-x6gX-bqxU-NJP7-l48n-Lrx9Ke
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "200.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               200.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               cKQd9i-eDVI-BO2Y-BNCS-Yaxj-ouKo-PPdRQC

已经看到新创建的200G大小的物理卷

扩展卷分组"centos"是vgdisplay命令查到的卷分组名

[root@space ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

提示成功扩展

下面查看一下逻辑卷:

[root@space ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                NarvTO-dKF1-dAfu-3yZD-g1Bd-jUvt-qTGIP6
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:34 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                3.89 GiB
  Current LE             996
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                nVjnIr-3kdo-ncmg-Qoyw-DQeG-F0Lh-cdzVhi
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                35.62 GiB
  Current LE             9118
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

可以看到/dev/centos/root目前的LV Size是35.62 G

下面扩展逻辑卷/dev/centos/root

[root@space ~]# lvextend -L +200G /dev/centos/root
  Invalid argument for --extents: +200G
  Error during parsing of command line.
[root@space ~]# lvextend -L +200G /dev/centos/root
  Insufficient free space: 51200 extents needed, but only 51199 available
[root@space ~]# lvextend -L +199G /dev/centos/root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 35.62 GiB (9118 extents) to 234.62 GiB (60062 extents).
  Logical volume root successfully resized.

注:+199G是我们新增加的分区大小
扩展后,还要执行一步:

[root@space ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=2334208 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0        finobt=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=9336832, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=4559, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9336832 to 61503488

将文件系统扩大
因为安装CentOS用的xfs分区,所以使用命令xfs_growfs扩展文件系统大小。否则的话使用resize2fs命令
查看结果:

[root@space bin]# df -hl
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root  235G   33G  202G   14% /
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G   88K  3.9G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  8.7M  3.9G    1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  261M  237M   53% /boot
tmpfs                    782M   16K  782M    1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                    782M  4.0K  782M    1% /run/user/988

/root已经扩充到235G

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