BBS项目--注册

 注册要求

迁移表格

# 以后你写的每个python项目，都必须有一个txt文件叫  requirements.txt,里面放了当前项目所有的依赖，别人拿到项目---》需要执行

pip install -r requirements.txt # 装好该项目所有依赖
django==3.2.20   # 模块
pillow
mysqlclient

# 迁移表的命令：

# 执行命令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate 

# 主体项目功能：

    注册、登录、首页、个人站点、文章详情、点赞点踩、评论、后台管理、新增文章

models。py
models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
 
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    # 扩写字段---》手机号，头像，
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # /media/avatar/default.png
    # 必须安装pillow 才能使用 ImageField
    avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatar', default='avatar/default.png')
 
    blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '用户表'  # 给其他人看，知道这是用户表
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username
 
class Blog(models.Model):
    # 博客标题
    site_title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # 博客副标题
    site_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # 博客样式
    # 每个人样式不同（文件地址）
    site_style = models.CharField(max_length=32)
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '博客表'
 
    def __str__(self):
        # 会报错
        try:
            return self.userinfo.username + '---' + self.site_title
        except Exception as e:
            return self.site_title
 
class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to=Blog, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '标签表'
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to=Blog, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '分类表'
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    # 文章摘要
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='文章摘要')
    # 文章详情  大文本
    content = models.TextField()
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    # 关联字段
    # 标签和分类
    category = models.ForeignKey(to=Category, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
    # 多对多,手动创建中间表
    tag = models.ManyToManyField(to=Tag, through='ArticleToTag', through_fields=('article', 'tag'))
    # 博客
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to=Blog, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '文章表'
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
 
class ArticleToTag(models.Model):
    article = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tag = models.ForeignKey(to=Tag, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 
class UpAndDown(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(to=UserInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '点赞点踩'
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.is_up
 
class Commit(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(to=UserInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    # 自关联,评论层级---》子评论   一定要写null=True
    parent_id = models.ForeignKey(to='self', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '评论表'
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

# 表结构设计：

    用户表(扩写auth的user表)、博客表、标签、分类表、文章表、点赞点踩表和评论表

注册基础配置

# settings文件的配置：

settings.py
TEMPLATES = [{...'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')...}]

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'bbs1',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'JIAJIA',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 3306  }}

# 国际化
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False

# 静态文件
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

#AbstractUser
AUTH_USER_MODEL='app01.UserInfo'

# 关于csrf跨站请求伪造：

        现在项目中不应该注销掉

        在前端写上   {% csrf_token %}

# 注册页面：用户名、密码、确认密码、邮箱、手机号、头像   

forms.py
# @Author  : ZJQ
# @Time    : 2023/12/7 15:36
# @Function:
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets,ValidationError
from .models import UserInfo

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=3, required=True,
                               label='用户名',
                               error_messages={
                                   'required': '用户名必须填写',
                                   'max_length': '长度不能超过10',
                                   'min_length': '最短不能低于3',
                               }, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
    # 自动生成一个密码框  用户名： 让input框充满占一行更好看

    password = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=3, required=True,
                           label='密码',
                           error_messages={
                               'required': '密码必须填写',
                               'max_length': '长度不能超过10',
                               'min_length': '最短不能低于3',
                           }, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'from-control'}))

    re_password = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=3, required=True,
                               label='确认密码',
                               error_messages={
                                   'required': '密码必须填写',
                                   'max_length': '长度不能超过10',
                                   'min_length': '最短不能低于3',
                               }, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'from-control'}))

    email = forms.EmailField(max_length=10, min_length=3, required=True,
                               label='邮箱',
                               error_messages={
                                   'required': '邮箱必须填写',
                                   'max_length': '长度不能超过10',
                                   'min_length': '最短不能低于3',
                               }, widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'from-control'}))

    phone = forms.CharField(max_length=11, min_length=11, required=True,
                            label='手机号',
                            error_messages={
                                'required': '手机号必须填写',
                                'max_length': '长度不能超过11',
                                'min_length': '最短不能低于1',
                            }, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'from-control'}))

form组件的介绍

# form组件可以帮助我们:
    1 快速生成前端页面
    2 数据校验
    3 错误处理
# 如何使用
1 写一个类，继承forms.Form

from django import forms
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=3, required=True...)
    password = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=3, required=True...)
    ...

2 在类中写属性和方法：
        属性：要跟咱们要校验或自动生成页面的字段一一对应
        方法：对字段进行校验：
            clean_字段名 给单个字段校验
            clean 给多个字段校验

# 方法名只能写两类：
    # 1、clean_字段名,校验后数据放在一个字典里cleaned_data
    def clean_username(self):
        username=self.cleaned_data.get('username')
        # 用户名不能以xx开头
        if username.startswith('xx'):
            # 校验不通过，抛异常
            raise ValidationError('名字不能以xx开头')
        # 如果用户名存在，也不能注册了
        res=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).exists()
        if res:
            raise ValidationError('该用户已经存在')
        return username

    # 2、clean，校验多个
    def clean(self):
        password=self.cleaned_data.get('password')
        re_password=self.cleaned_data.get('re_password')
        if not password == re_password:
            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
        return self.cleaned_data    # 把正常的数据返回

3 在视图函数中使用

views.py
from .forms import RegisterForm
def register(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = RegisterForm()
        return render(request, 'register.html', {'form': form})

4 模板中使用

# 拿到后端form的id：{{ foo.auto_id }}
# form的名字：foo.name
# {{ foo }}：会自动生成继承form类设置相关标签的input框

    {% for foo in form %}
        

             {{ foo.label }}: {# 拿到表里中文名 #}
             
              {# placeholder="请输入{{ foo.label }}" #}
        
    {% endfor %}

#  form表单中:

        问题：如果定义了button或input 类型是"submit"，只要点击，就会默认触发form表单的提交，如果我们又写了ajax提交，就会触发两次
        解决：把它写外面或 input 类型是"button"

注册页面(HTML)

# 这次页面采用的是bookstrip5：断点（Breakpoints）-Bootstrap中文网

配置：
{% load static %}



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# 前端页面：

    

    {% csrf_token %}
        

            

                
                    
                
                
                
糖果爱上我
                
            
        

        

            
                {% for foo in form %}
                    

                        {{ foo.label }}: {# 拿到表里中文名 #}
                        
                         {# placeholder="请输入{{ foo.label }}" #}
                    
                {% endfor %}
            
        

        
注册
        
        
* 佳祺今天也要加油鸭
    

注册功能之实时更改图片文件 

# 关于前端：设置图片id和change事件，隐藏文件上传input框，美化页面
# 隐藏：style="display: none"

            

                
                    
                
                
                
糖果爱上我
                
            
        

注册功能之输入框失去焦点

# 当用户名输入框失去焦点，我们就去后端校验用户是否注册，会清空输入框且报错

# 设置输入框id和失去焦点blur事件，用ajax和get方法来获得用户名，判断清空输入框和打印出错误
# 打印错误：addClass('has-error')，错误展现在span框
# 前端往span标签里添加信息：html(data.msg)
# 清空：.val('')  # 父类：.parent()

# 后端，校验用户名是否存在接口
from django.http import JsonResponse
def check_username(request):
    username = request.GET.get('username')    # get取得名字
    res = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).exists() # 和数据库里用户名做对比
    if res:
        return JsonResponse({'code':100,'msg':'用户已经存在'})
    else:
        return JsonResponse({'code':101,'msg':'您可以注册'})

注册功能之按钮提交

# 设置按钮id，将所有的数据放入formdata，用each循环加入值，引入ajax用post方法传递数据
# 循环：$.each(),列表套字典 0:{name:xxxx}

# 后端，用post取出数据，form来校验是否合法，存入数据库
# 设置普通用户，打散放入数据库：.create_user(**data)
# 使用form校验传入的数据：form.is_valid()
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .forms import RegisterForm
from .models import UserInfo
def register(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = RegisterForm()
        return render(request, 'register.html', {'form': form})
    else:
        # 取出头像
        avatar = request.FILES.get('my_img')
        # 校验数据是否合法
        '''
        username: admin
        password: 123
        email: [email protected]
        phone: 17717823244
        avatar:文件
        '''
        print(request.POST.get('username'))
        form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():  # 校验通过
            # 保存
            data = form.cleaned_data           
            data.pop('re_password')  # 把re_password 弹出
            # 把头像加入
            if avatar:
                data['avatar'] = avatar
            UserInfo.objects.create_user(**data)
            return JsonResponse({'code': 100, 'msg': '注册成功'})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'code': 101, 'msg': '注册失败', 'errors': form.errors})

今日思维导图：