《Oracle系列》Oracle如何删除归档日志文件？

Oracle如何删除归档日志文件？

  Oracle启用归档日志的状态下，会在指定的归档日志目录生成大量的日志文件，而且这些日志文件默认是不会定期清理。长时间运行下，会占用大量的存储空间，最终可能导致Oracle没有足够的空间维持启动状态。

  在Oracle的控制文件中记录着每一个归档日志文件得相关信息。当手动删除了归档日志的物理文件后，控制文件中依然记录着已删除的归档日志信息。所以当我们删除归档日志文件时，不仅需要删除物理文件，还要删除控制文件中对应的信息。

一、切换Oracle用户

[root@ea9446c43596 /]# su - oracle

二、查看归档日志路径

归档日志路径不一定相同，如果不清楚归档日志在哪，可以通过命令find / -name *.dbf查找

[oracle@ea9446c43596 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/
[oracle@ea9446c43596 archlogs]$ ls
1_10_900206934.dbf  1_12_900206934.dbf  1_14_900206934.dbf  1_5_900206934.dbf  1_7_900206934.dbf  1_9_900206934.dbf
1_11_900206934.dbf  1_13_900206934.dbf  1_4_900206934.dbf   1_6_900206934.dbf  1_8_900206934.dbf

三、方法一：删除归档日志物理文件

如果之前手动删除过物理文件，可以查看这个方法，将控制文件中归档日志记录删除

1 删除物理文件

删除物理文件：1_4_900206934.dbf

[oracle@ea9446c43596 archlogs]$ rm -f 1_4_900206934.dbf

2 查看控制文件

通过如下命令查看Oracle控制文件记录归档日志信息，发现"1_4_900206934.dbf"还存在

• rman target /

  rman登录命令

• list archivelog all;

  查看所有的归档日志

[oracle@ea9446c43596 archlogs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 10:01:18 2022

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: HELOWIN (DBID=1384114315)

RMAN> list archivelog all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name HELOWIN
=====================================================================

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
3       1    4       A 07-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_4_900206934.dbf

4       1    5       A 07-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_5_900206934.dbf

5       1    6       A 08-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_6_900206934.dbf

6       1    7       A 09-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_7_900206934.dbf

7       1    8       A 09-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_8_900206934.dbf

8       1    9       A 10-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_9_900206934.dbf

9       1    10      A 10-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_10_900206934.dbf

10      1    11      A 10-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_11_900206934.dbf

11      1    12      A 11-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_12_900206934.dbf

12      1    13      A 11-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_13_900206934.dbf

13      1    14      A 11-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_14_900206934.dbf

3 对比检查归档日志物理文件和控制文件一致性

如果你之前已经删除过物理文件，并没有删除控制文件中的信息，请看如下操作：

• crosscheck archivelog all;

  优先使用这个命令，核验比对物理文件和归档日志记录信息一致性

• list expired archivelog all;

  crosscheck后，可以使用这个命令，查看有哪些过期的日志文件

RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=772 device type=DISK
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_4_900206934.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=1122847256
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_5_900206934.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=1122894018
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_6_900206934.dbf RECID=5 STAMP=1122948041
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_7_900206934.dbf RECID=6 STAMP=1122980424
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_8_900206934.dbf RECID=7 STAMP=1123029988
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_9_900206934.dbf RECID=8 STAMP=1123066818
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_10_900206934.dbf RECID=9 STAMP=1123095615
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_11_900206934.dbf RECID=10 STAMP=1123124827
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_12_900206934.dbf RECID=11 STAMP=1123153640
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_13_900206934.dbf RECID=12 STAMP=1123184937
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_14_900206934.dbf RECID=13 STAMP=1123211251
Crosschecked 11 objects


RMAN> list expired archivelog all;

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name HELOWIN
=====================================================================

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
3       1    4       X 07-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_4_900206934.dbf

4 删除过期文件

• delete expired archivelog all;

  删除过期日志文件，在执行命令后，会提示你将要删除哪些过期的日志文件

RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=772 device type=DISK
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name HELOWIN
=====================================================================

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
3       1    4       X 07-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_4_900206934.dbf


Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_4_900206934.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=1122847256
Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects

四、方法二：rman删除归档日志

这种方法，可以将控制文件中记录信息和物理文件同步删除，更为方便。

1 查看控制文件记录

• rman target /

  登录rman

• list archivelog all;

  查看所有归档日志信息

[oracle@ea9446c43596 archlogs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 10:14:25 2022

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: HELOWIN (DBID=1384114315)

RMAN> list archivelog all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name HELOWIN
=====================================================================

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
4       1    5       A 07-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_5_900206934.dbf

5       1    6       A 08-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_6_900206934.dbf

6       1    7       A 09-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_7_900206934.dbf

7       1    8       A 09-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_8_900206934.dbf

8       1    9       A 10-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_9_900206934.dbf

9       1    10      A 10-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_10_900206934.dbf

10      1    11      A 10-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_11_900206934.dbf

11      1    12      A 11-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_12_900206934.dbf

12      1    13      A 11-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_13_900206934.dbf

13      1    14      A 11-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_14_900206934.dbf

2 删除指定日期前日志

• delete archivelog all completed before 'SYSDATE - 3';

  删除3天前的归档日志，在删除控制文件记录的同时，也会将物理文件删除。

RMAN> delete archivelog all completed before 'SYSDATE - 3';

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=772 device type=DISK
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name HELOWIN
=====================================================================

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
4       1    5       A 07-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_5_900206934.dbf

5       1    6       A 08-DEC-22
        Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_6_900206934.dbf


Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_5_900206934.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=1122894018
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/archlogs/1_6_900206934.dbf RECID=5 STAMP=1122948041
Deleted 2 objects

3 查看物理文件

在上一步中删除了1_5_900206934.dbf和1_6_900206934.dbf文件，观察物理文件列表后，可以看到物理文件也会被同步删除。

[oracle@ea9446c43596 archlogs]$ ls
1_10_900206934.dbf  1_12_900206934.dbf  1_14_900206934.dbf  1_8_900206934.dbf
1_11_900206934.dbf  1_13_900206934.dbf  1_7_900206934.dbf   1_9_900206934.dbf

五、使用到的命令集合

• 登录rman

  rman target /
  

• 查看所有归档日志

  list archivelog all;
  

• 对比控制文件、物理文件

  crosscheck archivelog all;
  

• 查看过期归档日志

  list expired archivelog all;
  

• 删除过期归档日志

  delete expired archivelog all;
  

• 删除指定日期归档日志

  delete archivelog all completed before 'SYSDATE - n';
  

• 退出rman

  exit;