使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可：
- 创建CloseableHttpClient对象。
- 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
- 如果需要发送请求参数，可可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。setParams方法已过时（4.4.1版本）。
- 调用HttpGet、HttpPost对象的setHeader(String name, String value)方法设置header信息，或者调用setHeaders(Header[] headers)设置一组header信息。
- 调用CloseableHttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个CloseableHttpResponse。
- 调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容；调用CloseableHttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头。
- 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接
首先使用maven添加依赖：
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpclient
4.5.3
具体代码如下：
/**
* @Author: grootdu
* @Description:
* @Date: Created in 11:56 2018/11/17
* @Modified By:
*/
public class HttpClientUtil {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtil.class);
public static String doGet(String url, Map params, Map headers, RequestConfig config) throws Exception{
String res = "";
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
// 创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (params != null) {
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, params.get(key));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
// HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);//如果url后面带了全部参数的话 也可以直接用这种方式直接创建get请求
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpGet.addHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
try {
if(config!=null){
// 构建请求配置信息
// RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(1000) // 创建连接的最长时间
// .setConnectionRequestTimeout(500) // 从连接池中获取到连接的最长时间
// .setSocketTimeout(10 * 1000) // 数据传输的最长时间
// .setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(true) // 提交请求前测试连接是否可用
// .build();
httpGet.setConfig(config);
}
// 执行请求操作，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//获取结果实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200 && entity != null) {
//按指定编码（这里为UTF8编码）转换结果实体为String类型
res = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
} finally {
httpGet.releaseConnection();
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
return res;
}
public static String doPost(String url, RequestConfig config) throws Exception {
return doPost(url, null,config);
}
public static String doPost(String url, Map params, RequestConfig config, Map headParams) throws Exception {
//对于params中key value，如果是其他类型，比如数组的话，用下面的doPostJson方法更适合，即直接将入参拼成json字符串，JSONObject.toJSONString(map)
String res = "";
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建Http Post请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if(headParams != null){
for(String key : headParams.keySet()){
httpPost.addHeader(key, headParams.get(key));
}
}
try {
if(config!=null){
httpPost.setConfig(config);
}
// 创建参数列表
if (params != null) {
List paramList = new ArrayList();
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));
}
// 创建请求内容
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);
// 设置参数到请求对象中
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
// 执行http请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
} finally {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
return res;
}
public static String doPostJson(String url, String json, RequestConfig config) throws Exception {
String res = "";
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
if (config != null) {
httpPost.setConfig(config);
}
// 设置参数到请求对象中
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON));
// 执行http请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取结果实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null){
res = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
} finally {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
return res;
}
public static byte[] doPost(String url, byte[] data) throws Exception {
byte[] res = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
//CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().disableAutomaticRetries().build(); // disable retry
try {
// init post
/*if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
List formParams = new ArrayList();
for (Map.Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, "UTF-8"));
}*/
// timeout
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(10000)
.setSocketTimeout(10000)
.setConnectTimeout(10000)
.build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// data
if (data != null) {
httpPost.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(data, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY));
}
// do post
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取结果实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (null != entity) {
res = EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
} finally {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
return res;
}
/**
* read bytes from http request
* @param request
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static final byte[] readBytes(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
int contentLen = request.getContentLength();
InputStream is = request.getInputStream();
if (contentLen > 0) {
int readLen = 0;
int readLengthThisTime = 0;
byte[] message = new byte[contentLen];
try {
while (readLen != contentLen) {
readLengthThisTime = is.read(message, readLen, contentLen - readLen);
if (readLengthThisTime == -1) {
break;
}
readLen += readLengthThisTime;
}
return message;
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
}
}
return new byte[] {};
}
}
对于HTTPS的访问，采取绕过证书的策略：
/**
* @Author: grootdu
* @Description:
* @Date: Created in 16:12 2018/11/14
* @Modified By:
*/
public class HttpsClientUtil {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpsClientUtil.class);
/**
* 绕过验证
*
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws KeyManagementException
*/
public static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");
// 实现一个X509TrustManager接口，用于绕过验证，不用修改里面的方法
X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(
java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
String paramString) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(
java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
String paramString) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
return sc;
}
/**
* 模拟请求
*
* @param url
* @param param
* @param
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws KeyManagementException
* @throws IOException
* @throws ClientProtocolException
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map param, RequestConfig config) throws Exception {
String res = "";
//采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
// 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
Registry socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
.build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
//创建自定义的httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
// 创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (param != null) {
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
try {
if(config!=null){
httpGet.setConfig(config);
}
// 执行请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
} finally {
httpGet.releaseConnection();
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
return res;
}
}
参考博客：
https://www.cnblogs.com/Mr-Rocker/p/6229652.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/moy25/p/8658762.html
https://www.656463.com/article/httpclientqingqiucanshushezhi_8