项目结构
基本步骤
激活虚拟环境
进入到安装虚拟环境Scripts文件夹中，执行activate激活环境（deactivate退出环境）
创建工程
django-admin start
创建项目
python manage.py startapp users
修改配置文件
添加创建的项目到工程
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'users',
]
销毁冲突的中间件
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'utils.UserAuthMiddleware.UserMiddleware',
]
加载模型
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
连接数据库
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'django1',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'root',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': 3306,
}
}
配置static访问路径
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static')
]
建立模块并完成数据迁移
建立模块
from django.db import models
class Users(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True, verbose_name='姓名')
password = models.CharField(max_length=520, verbose_name='密码')
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
operate_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='修改时间')
class Meta:
db_table = 'users'
class UserTicket(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(Users)
ticket = models.CharField(max_length=30)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
class Meta:
db_table = 'user_ticket'
生成迁移文件
python manage.py makemigrations
迁移数据
python manage.py migrate
路由设置
与工程同名项目下创建路由及命名空间
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^users/', include('users.urls',namespace='users')),
]
创建的项目中穿件urls.py，并创建相关路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from users import views
urlpatterns = [
# 注册
url(r'^register/', views.register, name='register'),
# 登录
url(r'^login/', views.login, name='login'),
# 首页
url(r'^index/', views.index, name='index'),
# 注销
url(r'^logout/', views.logout, name='logout'),
]
模板内容
父模板
{% block title %}{% endblock %}
{% block css %}{% endblock %}
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
注册页面
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}
注册页面
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
登录界面
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}
登录页面
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
测试登录成的界面
登录成功，进入首页
{{ user.username }}
注销
逻辑实现
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password, check_password
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse
from users.forms import UserForm
from users.models import Users, UserTicket
from utils.functions import get_ticket, is_login
def register(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
# 如果请求为get，则返回注册页面
return render(request, 'register.html')
if request.method == 'POST':
# 校验参数
form = UserForm(request.POST)
# 判断校验是否成功（is_valid()为真即为校验成功）
if form.is_valid():
# 注册
password = make_password(form.cleaned_data['password'])
Users.objects.create(username=form.cleaned_data['username'],
password=password)
# 跳转到登录页面,使用namespace：name
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('users:login'))
else:
return render(request, 'register.html')
def login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'login.html')
if request.method == 'POST':
# 校验登录界面的参数
form = UserForm(request.POST)
# 使用is_valid()判断是否校验成功
if form.is_valid():
# 登录的设置
# 1、通过用户名和密码获取当前的user对象 --> auth.authenticate
user = Users.objects.filter(username=form.cleaned_data['username']).first()
if user:
# 获取到user对象
if check_password(form.cleaned_data['password'], user.password):
# 校验成功
# 1、向cookie中设置随机参数ticket
res = HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('users:index'))
ticket = get_ticket()
# res.set_cookie(key, value='', max_age=None, expires=None)
res.set_cookie('ticket', ticket, max_age=1000)
# 2、向user_ticket中存入这个ticket和user的对应关系
UserTicket.objects.create(user=user, ticket=ticket)
return res
else:
# 密码错误
return render(request, 'login.html')
else:
# 用户不存在
return render(request, 'login.html')
# 2、设置cookie中的随机值 --> auth.login()
# 3、设置user_ticket中的随机值
pass
else:
return render(request, 'login.html')
# @is_login
def index(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
# 获取ticket
# ticket = request.COOKIES.get('ticket')
# # 通过ticket去user_ticket表中取数据
# user_ticket = UserTicket.objects.filter(ticket=ticket).first()
# if user_ticket:
# # 获取当前用户
# user = user_ticket.user
# return render(request, 'index.html', {'user': user})
# else:
# return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('users:login'))
return render(request, 'index.html')
def logout(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
ticket = request.COOKIES.get('ticket')
user_ticket = UserTicket.objects.filter(ticket=ticket).first()
if user_ticket:
user_ticket.delete()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('user:login'))
为cookie设置随机值
import random
def get_ticket():
s = '1234567890qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcbnvm'
ticket = ''
for i in range(25):
ticket += random.choice(s)
return ticket