目录
一、介绍
二、依赖导入
三、基础类准备
四、Handler实现
五、WebSocketChannelInitializer实现
六、WebSocketServer实现
七、前端实现
八、测试
九、参考链接
关于WebSocket此处不进行过多介绍,本章主要着重通过Netty实现WebSocket通信服务端,并且实现一个简单的通过网页进行聊天的功能。
讲到WebSocket,这里简单介绍一下为什么要使用WebSocket。以往我们通过网页与服务器进行交互时,都是通过发起一个http/https请求,该请求是无状态的,发送请求后,等待获取服务器返回的结果之后,这次请求就结束了,客户端与服务端就断开了。如果此时服务端想向客户端推送消息的话,由于连接已经断开,服务端无法进行消息推送,此时可以通过使用WebSocket进行客户端与服务端建立长连接,当服务端想向客户端推送消息时,就可以向客户端进行消息推送了。
接下来就进行代码实现。
io.netty
netty-all
4.1.101.Final
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-tomcat
2.0.4.RELEASE
com.alibaba.fastjson2
fastjson2
2.0.41
org.projectlombok
lombok
1.18.30
1、ChannelManager, 用于管理Channel等相关信息
public class ChannelManager {
public final static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
public final static Map handShakerMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
}
2、WebSocketRequestMessage,用于将客户端传递过来的json字符串转换该类的对象
@Data
@ToString
public class WebSocketRequestMessage {
public String user;
public String type;
public String message;
}
3、WebSocketResponseMessage,用于返回给客户端的类型数据
public class WebSocketResponseMessage {
public String user;
public String type;
public String message;
public String date;
public WebSocketResponseMessage(WebSocketRequestMessage webSocketRequestMessage) {
this.user = webSocketRequestMessage.getUser();
this.type = webSocketRequestMessage.getType();
this.message = webSocketRequestMessage.getMessage();
this.date = new Date().toString();
}
}
建立WebSocket通信时,第一次发送的就是http请求,进行协议升级为WebSocket,需要实现针对该连接请求进行处理的handler,协议升级成功之后,后续发送的消息是数据帧,消息将由WebSocketFrame相关的Handler进行处理,为了方便理解,此处简单画个图:
1、DefaultHandler, 抽象类,重写一些基础的方法(处理触发的事件、建立连接、断开连接、遗异常处理的),供其他Handler继承,其他Handler则无需实现上述功能
public abstract class DefaultHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler {
// 配合心跳使用,由客户端进行发送心跳数据包
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
IdleStateEvent idleStateEvent = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
// 触发读空闲, 关闭客户端
if(idleStateEvent.state().equals(IdleState.READER_IDLE)) {
System.out.println("触发读空闲,关闭channel");
// 将消息传递CloseWebSocketFrame进行处理
CloseWebSocketFrame closeWebSocketFrame = new CloseWebSocketFrame();
ctx.fireChannelRead(closeWebSocketFrame);
}
}
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("与客户端建立连接: " + ctx.channel());
ChannelManager.channelGroup.add(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("与客户端断开连接: " + ctx.channel());
ChannelManager.channelGroup.remove(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("发生异常: " + ctx.channel());
}
}
2、FullHttpRequestHander
public class FullHttpRequestHandler extends DefaultHandler {
private WebSocketServerHandshaker handShaker;
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest httpRequest) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端消息:" + httpRequest);
if(httpRequest.decoderResult().isFailure() || !"websocket".equals(httpRequest.headers().get(HttpHeaderValues.UPGRADE))) {
DefaultFullHttpResponse httpResponse = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
ctx.writeAndFlush(httpResponse);
return;
}
WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory webSocketServerHandshakerFactory = new WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory("ws:/" + ctx.channel() + "/websocket", null, false);
handShaker = webSocketServerHandshakerFactory.newHandshaker(httpRequest);
if (null == handShaker) {
WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory.sendUnsupportedVersionResponse(ctx.channel());
} else {
// 在此处为channel添加WebSocketFrameEncoder和WebSocketFrameDecoder
handShaker.handshake(ctx.channel(), httpRequest);
}
ChannelManager.handShakerMap.put(ctx.channel(), handShaker);
}
}
3、TextWebSocketFrameHandler,当WebSocket通信建立成功之后,在此阶段发送的文本消息在该handler中进行处理,如果发送的是二进制流,那么请自己自行实现一个处理BinaryWebSocketFrame类型数据的Handler
public class TextWebSocketFrameHandler extends DefaultHandler {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
WebSocketRequestMessage webSocketRequestMessage = JSON.parseObject(msg.text(), WebSocketRequestMessage.class);
if("ping".equals(webSocketRequestMessage.getType())) {
System.out.println("ping message");
return;
}
System.out.println(ctx.channel() + ", 客户端消息:" + msg);
WebSocketResponseMessage webSocketResponseMessage = new WebSocketResponseMessage(webSocketRequestMessage);
TextWebSocketFrame textWebSocketFrame = new TextWebSocketFrame(JSON.toJSONString(webSocketResponseMessage));
ChannelManager.channelGroup.writeAndFlush(textWebSocketFrame);
}
}
4、CloseWebSocketFrameHandler,客户端进行关闭时,将通过该Handler进行处理
public class CloseWebSocketFrameHandler extends DefaultHandler {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, CloseWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端要断开");
WebSocketServerHandshaker handShaker = ChannelManager.handShakerMap.get(ctx.channel());
handShaker.close(ctx.channel(), msg.retain());
}
}
public class WebSocketChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
// 将建立连接时发送的第一次http请求数据装换为转换为 HttpRequest
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
// 将拆分的http消息(请求内容、请求体)聚合成一个消息
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
// 块写出
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
// 配置读空闲Handler, 3秒该Channel没有产生读将会触发读空闲事件
pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(3, 0, 0));
pipeline.addLast(new FullHttpRequestHandler());
pipeline.addLast(new TextWebSocketFrameHandler());
pipeline.addLast(new CloseWebSocketFrameHandler());
}
}
public class WebSocketServer {
public void bind(Integer port) {
EventLoopGroup parent = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup child = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(parent, child)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childHandler(new WebSocketChannelInitializer());
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("web socket server 启动成功...");
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
parent.shutdownGracefully();
child.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
接下来写一个简单的前端web页,无须引入框架,只需要使用原生HTML5和JavaScript即可。
连接状态:关闭
user:
==================================群发消息=====================================
1、启动服务端
new WebSocketServer().bind(8888);
控制台打印如下信息
web socket server 启动成功...
2、打开两个web页分别进行登录点击
点击登录之后,可以看到连接状态正常,以及随机分配了一个用户名
3、发送消息
在任一客户端进行消息发送,都能在所有客户端聊天框中看到如图信息:
4、关闭客户端,可手动点击关闭按钮,或则通过关闭网页以及浏览器,即可断开连接
JS实时通信三把斧系列之一: websocket - 知乎